The Spatial Concentration of Subsidized Housing - Poverty & Race ...

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MSAFIPS MSA Name Population Vouchers Public <strong>Housing</strong>Other Site Based(MF/S236/S8) LIHTC Total960 Binghamton, NY MSA 252,320 987 641 894 74 2,5961000 Birmingham, AL MSA 921,106 3,961 8,524 4,140 1,989 18,6141010 Bismarck, ND MSA 94,719 1,407 325 430 493 2,6551020 Bloomington, IN MSA 120,563 1,053 312 685 934 2,9841040 Bloomington-Normal, IL MSA 150,433 400 640 774 993 2,8071080 Boise City, ID MSA 432,345 2,184 324 1,224 1,787 5,5191120 Boston, MA-NH PMSA 3,405,347 27,586 17,641 37,480 14,780 97,4871125 Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 291,288 1,785 462 920 946 4,1131145 Brazoria, TX PMSA 241,767 477 - 566 450 1,4931150 Bremerton, WA PMSA 231,969 1,268 739 837 502 3,3461160 Bridgeport, CT PMSA 459,479 2,961 3,069 2,283 706 9,0191200 Brockton, MA PMSA 253,210 1,735 1,261 278 449 3,7231240 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA 335,227 2,849 2,487 1,168 533 7,0371260 Bryan-College Station, TX MSA 152,415 1,432 300 438 652 2,8221280 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA 1,162,903 8,919 5,981 7,227 1,337 23,4641305 Burlington, VT MSA 170,570 1,903 584 1,251 1,724 5,4621320 Canton-Massillon, OH MSA 406,934 1,112 2,468 2,080 326 5,9861350 Casper, WY MSA 66,533 496 75 411 355 1,3371360 Cedar Rapids, IA MSA 191,701 886 - 1,090 968 2,9441400 Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 179,669 941 606 835 278 2,6601440 Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA 549,033 3,387 2,538 2,909 1,191 10,0251480 Charleston, WV MSA 251,662 2,081 1,745 1,900 191 5,9171520 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC MSA 1,499,293 5,200 5,918 4,006 4,632 19,7561540 Charlottesville, VA MSA 159,576 747 376 377 750 2,2501560 Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA 465,161 1,585 4,298 2,477 563 8,9231580 Cheyenne, WY MSA 81,607 733 266 309 485 1,7931600 Chicago, IL PMSA 8,272,255 40,954 32,094 45,508 21,656 140,2121620 Chico-Paradise, CA MSA 203,171 1,425 335 812 445 3,0171640 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN PMSA 1,645,474 10,745 8,346 14,746 5,529 39,3661660 Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY MSA 207,033 955 969 782 234 2,9401680 Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH PMSA 2,250,287 13,934 10,935 17,648 6,565 49,0821720 Colorado Springs, CO MSA 516,929 2,147 747 1,194 649 4,7371740 Columbia, MO MSA 135,454 977 721 323 346 2,3671760 Columbia, SC MSA 531,912 2,883 1,697 3,236 2,287 10,1031800 Columbus, GA-AL MSA 272,985 1,754 3,155 1,148 481 6,538164
MSAFIPS MSA Name Population Vouchers Public <strong>Housing</strong>Other Site Based(MF/S236/S8) LIHTC Total1840 Columbus, OH MSA 1,540,157 7,902 3,553 13,544 10,408 35,4071880 Corpus Christi, TX MSA 380,783 1,019 2,614 2,406 368 6,4071890 Corvallis, OR MSA 78,153 551 - 169 50 7701900 Cumberland, MD-WV MSA 102,008 647 801 728 344 2,5201920 Dallas, TX PMSA 3,519,176 17,490 4,363 12,464 23,529 57,8461930 Danbury, CT PMSA 217,980 337 417 932 95 1,7811950 Danville, VA MSA 110,156 677 593 1,026 247 2,5431960 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA 359,062 1,223 2,002 3,374 847 7,4462000 Dayton-Springfield, OH MSA 950,558 4,619 5,498 7,169 6,100 23,3862020 Daytona Beach, FL MSA 493,175 1,625 1,599 1,662 1,064 5,9502030 Decatur, AL MSA 145,867 536 1,090 737 453 2,8162040 Decatur, IL MSA 114,706 817 842 1,009 322 2,9902080 Denver, CO PMSA 2,106,735 9,655 4,598 11,113 6,516 31,8822120 Des Moines, IA MSA 456,022 2,511 977 2,413 3,438 9,3392160 Detroit, MI PMSA 4,439,627 14,033 9,593 35,215 15,608 74,4492180 Dothan, AL MSA 137,916 891 1,345 684 178 3,0982190 Dover, DE MSA 126,697 317 636 786 545 2,2842200 Dubuque, IA MSA 89,143 966 43 541 169 1,7192240 Duluth-Superior, MN-WI MSA 243,815 1,519 2,660 3,431 771 8,3812281 Dutchess County, NY PMSA 280,150 1,271 605 1,082 238 3,1962290 Eau Claire, WI MSA 148,337 828 218 1,055 610 2,7112320 El Paso, TX MSA 679,622 3,880 5,846 2,232 1,333 13,2912330 Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA 182,791 792 672 1,079 279 2,8222335 Elmira, NY MSA 91,070 554 499 660 30 1,7432340 Enid, OK MSA 57,813 164 - 279 64 5072360 Erie, PA MSA 280,843 938 1,901 2,122 558 5,5192400 Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA 322,959 2,255 708 1,431 898 5,2922440 Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY MSA 296,195 2,337 1,540 2,340 1,102 7,3192520 Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN MSA 174,367 1,289 1,089 842 979 4,1992560 Fayetteville, NC MSA 302,963 1,344 1,045 868 208 3,4652580 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA 311,121 949 483 1,152 2,044 4,6282600 Fitchburg-Leominster, MA PMSA 140,448 709 226 1,309 668 2,9122620 Flagstaff, AZ-UT MSA 122,366 334 30 118 452 9342640 Flint, MI PMSA 436,141 1,280 1,239 2,823 3,565 8,9072650 Florence, AL MSA 142,950 846 1,318 917 191 3,272165
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THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF SUBSID
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I certify that I have read this dis
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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLES ...
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6.4 Summary of Cluster Analysis Res
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Table 5.2 Range of MSA Segregation
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ABSTRACTSubsidized housing has been
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Chapter 1INTRODUCTIONPublic housing
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Data on subsidized housing prior to
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subsidy programs in that rents are
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Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEWA compreh
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from the nine matched neighborhood
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Overall, it is clear that there are
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limited the study to city vs. subur
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to the public housing, location adj
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hardship; and 2) public housing wea
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deconcentrated over time is whether
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deconcentration. In fact, a higher
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in the same neighborhood). On avera
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Concentration of Tenant-Based Subsi
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Wang, Varady and Wang (2008) studie
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from the vouchers. However, there w
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consisting of single family zones,
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early-mid 1990’s consisting of pu
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Recent studies of individual housin
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One of the criticisms of the HOPE V
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that they are smaller scale, better
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Chapter 3METHODOLOGYWhile the conce
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Data AvailabilityA limitation in th
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just coming on line in the 1990’s
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with 1,500 to 12,000 the minimum an
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exclusion of these units is not pro
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Unduplication of Subsidized UnitsDu
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projects between 35.2 and 46.6 perc
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Resulting Data for AnalysisAs a res
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Lack of household level data will l
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TABLE 4.2Mean Subsidized Housing Un
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Measures of ConcentrationThree meas
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TABLE 4.6Subsidized Units as a Perc
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would have to be to be considered t
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mean of 82 subsidized units per tra
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Subsidized Housing by Type and Pove
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TABLE 4.9Subsidized Units by Subsid
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unemployment rate (.427), less than
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TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
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TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
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spatial sensitivity because many di
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It is possible that these census tr
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only 8 MSA’s). The segregation in
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The correlation between the subsidi
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developing strategies to deconcentr
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y subsidy type. The correlation bet
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with a poverty rate of 9.2 percent.
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The cluster is relatively small con
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Cluster 7: Other Site-Based Units -
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the only cluster that had a signifi
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alter the perception of public hous
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VouchersVoucher type tracts are dom
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TABLE 6.1Subsidized Units by Cluste
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FIGURE 6.1Percent Census Tracts by
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FIGURE 6.5Census Tract Percent Rent
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Cluster - Concentration -PovertyCen
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strategies. The cluster map shows t
Page 126 and 127: FIGURE 6.9Map of Public Housing Uni
Page 128 and 129: Cluster 1: Voucher/No Subsidized Un
Page 130 and 131: considered moderately concentrated
Page 132 and 133: Cluster Analysis ResultsThe cluster
Page 134 and 135: tracts than other subsidy types it
Page 136 and 137: ecommend efforts to reduce the leve
Page 138 and 139: scale at which the impacts occur; 2
Page 140 and 141: units. Given the high cost of these
Page 142 and 143: REFERENCESAbt Associates, I. (2006)
Page 144 and 145: Briggs, X. d. S. (Ed.). (2005). The
Page 146 and 147: Deng, L. (2007). Comparing the effe
Page 148 and 149: Ellen, I. G., & Voicu, I. (2005). N
Page 150 and 151: Galster, G. C. (2005). Consequences
Page 152 and 153: Harris, L. E. (1999). A home is mor
Page 154 and 155: Johnson, M. P. (2006). Single-perio
Page 156 and 157: Lee, B. A., Reardon, S. F., Firebau
Page 158 and 159: Nguyen, M. T. (2005). Does Affordab
Page 160 and 161: implementing eight consent decrees.
Page 162 and 163: Schwartz, A. (1999). New York City
Page 164 and 165: Varady, D. P., & Walker, C. C. (200
Page 166 and 167: APPENDIX A.1Downloadable Databases
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX A.4Missing DataPublicHousi
Page 170 and 171: APPENDIX A.6Subsidized Housing Unit
Page 172 and 173: APPENDIX A.8Subsidized Housing Unit
Page 174 and 175: APPENDIX A.9Demographics by Cluster
Page 178 and 179: MSAFIPS MSA Name Population Voucher
Page 186 and 187: MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name Popu
Page 196 and 197: Author Date Data GeographyGalster a
Page 198 and 199: Author Date Data GeographyHolloway,
Page 200 and 201: Author Date Data GeographyType ofPr
Page 202 and 203: Author Date Data GeographyMurray 19
Page 204 and 205: Author Date Data GeographyLee 20081
Page 206 and 207: Author Date Data GeographyOakley 20
Page 208 and 209: Devine, Gray,Rubin andTaghavi (HUD)
Page 210 and 211: Carlson,Haveman,Kaplan andWolfe 200
Page 212 and 213: Newman andSchnare 1997Rohe andFreem
Page 214: Galster andZobel 1998Freeman andBot
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