The Spatial Concentration of Subsidized Housing - Poverty & Race ...

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unemployment rate (.427), less than high school education (.418), percent black (.383),median gross rent (-.361) and density (.278).A significant number of variables were not significantly correlated withsubsidized housing concentration (correlations under .200). These include foreignborn, percent Hispanic, elderly, older housing stock, vacant units, and State, region,and MSA level segregation indices.TABLE 4.11Correlation Coefficients for Selected Variables withSubsidized Units as Percent of Total Housing Units in Census Tract 2000Correlation(Pearson r)Percent Households with Public Assistance Income .550Poverty Rate .540Percent Rent Occupied Units .535Civilian Unemployment Rate .427Percent Less Than High School Education .418Percent Black .383Median Gross Rent -.361Density of Housing Units per Square Mile .278Percent Units Built Before 1940 .199Percent Hispanic .155MSA Segregation Index (D) Subsidized/Non-Subsidized -.137Percent Vacant Units .120Percent Foreign Born .067Region -.034Percent Elderly -.027State .022MSA Segregation Index (D) Hispanic/Non-Hispanic .014MSA Segregation Index (D) Poor/Non-Poor .014MSA .008MSA Segregation Index (D) Black/Non-Black .00274
TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page 1 of 4)Subsidized asPercentof TotalPovertyRatePercentLessThanH.S.CivilianUnemploymentRatePercenton PublicAssistanceSubsidized as Percent of Total Units 1.000 .540 .418 .427 .550 .383 .155 .067 -.027 .535 .120 .199 -.361 .278Poverty Rate 1.000 .700 .715 .743 .449 .342 .131 -.044 .670 .439 .248 -.558 .265Percent Less Than H.S. 1.000 .631 .756 .312 .327 .071 .066 .384 .280 .232 -.562 .077Civilian Unemployment Rate 1.000 .686 .413 .319 .127 -.059 .465 .319 .213 -.421 .237Percent on Public Assistance 1.000 .382 .286 .082 .058 .464 .283 .287 -.507 .216Percent Black 1.000 .161 .107 -.205 .409 .173 .009 -.187 .315Percent Hispanic 1.000 .730 -.249 .362 -.042 -.094 .125 .365Percent Foreign Born 1.000 -.153 .316 -.190 -.097 .404 .530Percent Elderly 1.000 -.082 .178 .130 -.111 .010Percent Rental Units 1.000 .274 .238 -.289 .513Percent Vacant Units 1.000 .110 -.402 -.114Percent Units Built Before 1939 1.000 -.245 .153Median Rent 1.000 .177Housing Density 1.000All correlations are significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).PercentBlackPercentHispanicPercentForeignBornPercentElderlyPercentRentalUnitsPercentVacantUnitsPercentUnitsBuiltBefore1939MedianRentHousingDensity75
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THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF SUBSID
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I certify that I have read this dis
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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLES ...
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6.4 Summary of Cluster Analysis Res
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Table 5.2 Range of MSA Segregation
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ABSTRACTSubsidized housing has been
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Chapter 1INTRODUCTIONPublic housing
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Data on subsidized housing prior to
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subsidy programs in that rents are
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Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEWA compreh
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from the nine matched neighborhood
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Overall, it is clear that there are
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limited the study to city vs. subur
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to the public housing, location adj
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hardship; and 2) public housing wea
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deconcentrated over time is whether
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deconcentration. In fact, a higher
Page 35 and 36: in the same neighborhood). On avera
Page 37 and 38: Concentration of Tenant-Based Subsi
Page 39 and 40: Wang, Varady and Wang (2008) studie
Page 41 and 42: from the vouchers. However, there w
Page 43 and 44: consisting of single family zones,
Page 45 and 46: early-mid 1990’s consisting of pu
Page 47 and 48: Recent studies of individual housin
Page 49 and 50: One of the criticisms of the HOPE V
Page 51 and 52: that they are smaller scale, better
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3METHODOLOGYWhile the conce
Page 55 and 56: Data AvailabilityA limitation in th
Page 57 and 58: just coming on line in the 1990’s
Page 59 and 60: with 1,500 to 12,000 the minimum an
Page 61 and 62: exclusion of these units is not pro
Page 63 and 64: Unduplication of Subsidized UnitsDu
Page 65: projects between 35.2 and 46.6 perc
Page 68 and 69: Resulting Data for AnalysisAs a res
Page 70 and 71: Lack of household level data will l
Page 72 and 73: TABLE 4.2Mean Subsidized Housing Un
Page 74 and 75: Measures of ConcentrationThree meas
Page 76 and 77: TABLE 4.6Subsidized Units as a Perc
Page 78 and 79: would have to be to be considered t
Page 80 and 81: mean of 82 subsidized units per tra
Page 82 and 83: Subsidized Housing by Type and Pove
Page 84 and 85: TABLE 4.9Subsidized Units by Subsid
Page 88 and 89: TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
Page 90 and 91: TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
Page 92 and 93: spatial sensitivity because many di
Page 94 and 95: It is possible that these census tr
Page 96 and 97: only 8 MSA’s). The segregation in
Page 98 and 99: The correlation between the subsidi
Page 100 and 101: developing strategies to deconcentr
Page 102 and 103: y subsidy type. The correlation bet
Page 104 and 105: with a poverty rate of 9.2 percent.
Page 106 and 107: The cluster is relatively small con
Page 108 and 109: Cluster 7: Other Site-Based Units -
Page 110 and 111: the only cluster that had a signifi
Page 112 and 113: alter the perception of public hous
Page 114 and 115: VouchersVoucher type tracts are dom
Page 116 and 117: TABLE 6.1Subsidized Units by Cluste
Page 118 and 119: FIGURE 6.1Percent Census Tracts by
Page 120 and 121: FIGURE 6.5Census Tract Percent Rent
Page 122 and 123: Cluster - Concentration -PovertyCen
Page 124 and 125: strategies. The cluster map shows t
Page 126 and 127: FIGURE 6.9Map of Public Housing Uni
Page 128 and 129: Cluster 1: Voucher/No Subsidized Un
Page 130 and 131: considered moderately concentrated
Page 132 and 133: Cluster Analysis ResultsThe cluster
Page 134 and 135: tracts than other subsidy types it
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ecommend efforts to reduce the leve
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scale at which the impacts occur; 2
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units. Given the high cost of these
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REFERENCESAbt Associates, I. (2006)
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Briggs, X. d. S. (Ed.). (2005). The
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Deng, L. (2007). Comparing the effe
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Ellen, I. G., & Voicu, I. (2005). N
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Galster, G. C. (2005). Consequences
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Harris, L. E. (1999). A home is mor
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Johnson, M. P. (2006). Single-perio
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Lee, B. A., Reardon, S. F., Firebau
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Nguyen, M. T. (2005). Does Affordab
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implementing eight consent decrees.
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Schwartz, A. (1999). New York City
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Varady, D. P., & Walker, C. C. (200
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APPENDIX A.1Downloadable Databases
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APPENDIX A.4Missing DataPublicHousi
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APPENDIX A.6Subsidized Housing Unit
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APPENDIX A.8Subsidized Housing Unit
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APPENDIX A.9Demographics by Cluster
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MSAFIPS MSA Name Population Voucher
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Page 184 and 185:
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MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name Popu
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Author Date Data GeographyGalster a
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Author Date Data GeographyHolloway,
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Author Date Data GeographyType ofPr
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Author Date Data GeographyMurray 19
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Author Date Data GeographyLee 20081
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Author Date Data GeographyOakley 20
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Devine, Gray,Rubin andTaghavi (HUD)
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Carlson,Haveman,Kaplan andWolfe 200
Page 212 and 213:
Newman andSchnare 1997Rohe andFreem
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Galster andZobel 1998Freeman andBot
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