The Spatial Concentration of Subsidized Housing - Poverty & Race ...

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MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name PopulationBlack-Non-BlackHispanic-Non-HispanicPoor-Non-PoorSubsidized-Non-Subsidized4200 Lawton, OK MSA 114,996 0.3059 0.1671 0.2553 0.38804240 Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA 93,078 0.2872 0.4183 0.3261 0.44834280 Lexington, KY MSA 478,755 0.4688 0.4015 0.3170 0.48854320 Lima, OH MSA 155,084 0.6324 0.3175 0.3597 0.55454360 Lincoln, NE MSA 249,829 0.3377 0.3276 0.3978 0.54784400 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR MSA 583,845 0.5936 0.3268 0.3142 0.56344420 Longview-Marshall, TX MSA 208,780 0.4070 0.3440 0.2072 0.47604480 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA 9,512,635 0.5551 0.5107 0.3378 0.54174520 Louisville, KY-IN MSA 1,025,598 0.6306 0.3533 0.4000 0.61494560 Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 301,686 0.4340 0.5435 0.4469 0.69184600 Lubbock, TX MSA 242,628 0.4460 0.3879 0.2663 0.63994640 Lynchburg, VA MSA 214,911 0.3882 0.3602 0.2703 0.66804680 Macon, GA MSA 322,549 0.5107 0.3710 0.3843 0.54044720 Madison, WI MSA 426,526 0.4487 0.3500 0.5266 0.43134760 Manchester, NH PMSA 198,378 0.3994 0.4458 0.3658 0.51364800 Mansfield, OH MSA 175,818 0.6693 0.3311 0.2919 0.49544880 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA 569,463 0.4679 0.3995 0.2352 0.49144890 Medford-Ashland, OR MSA 181,269 0.2768 0.2996 0.2431 0.39464900 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL MSA 476,230 0.4805 0.2096 0.2803 0.69374920 Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA 1,135,614 0.6621 0.4401 0.4130 0.62064940 Merced, CA MSA 210,554 0.3179 0.2753 0.2420 0.51665000 Miami, FL PMSA 2,252,979 0.6863 0.5016 0.3004 0.59445015 Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 1,169,641 0.4413 0.4893 0.4004 0.64565080 Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI PMSA 1,499,979 0.7963 0.5649 0.5093 0.55985120 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA 2,966,620 0.5419 0.4278 0.4168 0.56115140 Missoula, MT MSA 95,802 0.2219 0.1899 0.3513 0.44925160 Mobile, AL MSA 540,258 0.6092 0.3261 0.3391 0.62485170 Modesto, CA MSA 446,997 0.2953 0.3328 0.2689 0.41155190 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ PMSA 1,126,200 0.5968 0.3468 0.3372 0.70365200 Monroe, LA MSA 147,250 0.6894 0.3002 0.3905 0.49075240 Montgomery, AL MSA 333,055 0.5465 0.3348 0.3780 0.59235280 Muncie, IN MSA 118,769 0.5137 0.3491 0.4324 0.56895330 Myrtle Beach, SC MSA 196,629 0.4372 0.3055 0.2284 0.56295345 Naples, FL MSA 251,377 0.5429 0.4992 0.3876 0.73305350 Nashua, NH PMSA 190,572 0.3497 0.5154 0.3258 0.5455178
MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name PopulationBlack-Non-BlackHispanic-Non-HispanicPoor-Non-PoorSubsidized-Non-Subsidized5360 Nashville, TN MSA 1,231,311 0.5502 0.4394 0.3513 0.61355380 Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 2,753,724 0.6818 0.4016 0.2982 0.67385400 New Bedford, MA PMSA 175,198 0.4464 0.5385 0.4049 0.56435480 New Haven-Meriden, CT PMSA 541,963 0.6188 0.5136 0.4497 0.63315520 New London-Norwich, CT-RI MSA 293,566 0.5132 0.4287 0.2995 0.63075560 New Orleans, LA MSA 1,337,669 0.6677 0.3359 0.3716 0.66465600 New York, NY PMSA 9,297,558 0.6669 0.5081 0.3640 0.65895640 Newark, NJ PMSA 2,032,989 0.7372 0.5456 0.4620 0.63305660 Newburgh, NY-PA PMSA 387,669 0.4534 0.3367 0.4222 0.63975720 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC MSA 1,569,392 0.4497 0.2943 0.3699 0.61105775 Oakland, CA PMSA 2,392,557 0.5202 0.3698 0.3829 0.55385790 Ocala, FL MSA 258,916 0.4690 0.2784 0.2253 0.70325800 Odessa-Midland, TX MSA 237,132 0.4113 0.4006 0.2733 0.49795880 Oklahoma City, OK MSA 1,083,051 0.5150 0.4238 0.3460 0.56895910 Olympia, WA PMSA 207,355 0.3119 0.1904 0.2065 0.52195920 Omaha, NE-IA MSA 716,998 0.6311 0.4669 0.4052 0.57215945 Orange County, CA PMSA 2,846,289 0.2943 0.5097 0.3562 0.56385960 Orlando, FL MSA 1,644,561 0.5100 0.3572 0.2931 0.69495990 Owensboro, KY MSA 91,545 0.5185 0.3404 0.3196 0.48526015 Panama City, FL MSA 148,217 0.4710 0.1942 0.2597 0.58916020 Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH MSA 151,237 0.3895 0.4272 0.1980 0.53786080 Pensacola, FL MSA 412,153 0.4851 0.2221 0.2759 0.57126120 Peoria-Pekin, IL MSA 347,387 0.6847 0.3256 0.4100 0.58056160 Philadelphia, PA-NJ PMSA 5,097,403 0.6850 0.5407 0.4646 0.66256200 Phoenix-Mesa, AZ MSA 3,251,591 0.3402 0.4935 0.3967 0.63666240 Pine Bluff, AR MSA 84,278 0.5944 0.3337 0.3062 0.43546280 Pittsburgh, PA MSA 2,358,695 0.6666 0.3942 0.3402 0.58606320 Pittsfield, MA MSA 83,099 0.4404 0.3490 0.2440 0.52576340 Pocatello, ID MSA 75,565 0.3729 0.1655 0.2403 0.44266400 Portland, ME MSA 243,544 0.3754 0.3423 0.3069 0.55166440 Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA PMSA 1,918,009 0.4768 0.3324 0.2728 0.53206450 Portsmouth-Rochester, NH-ME PMSA 241,542 0.3086 0.2689 0.2753 0.48656480 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA MSA 1,188,613 0.5241 0.6354 0.4061 0.51366520 Provo-Orem, UT MSA 367,969 0.3086 0.3478 0.4664 0.50716560 Pueblo, CO MSA 139,724 0.3282 0.3104 0.3283 0.4438179
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THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF SUBSID
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I certify that I have read this dis
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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLES ...
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6.4 Summary of Cluster Analysis Res
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Table 5.2 Range of MSA Segregation
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ABSTRACTSubsidized housing has been
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Chapter 1INTRODUCTIONPublic housing
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Data on subsidized housing prior to
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subsidy programs in that rents are
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Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEWA compreh
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from the nine matched neighborhood
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Overall, it is clear that there are
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limited the study to city vs. subur
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to the public housing, location adj
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hardship; and 2) public housing wea
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deconcentrated over time is whether
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deconcentration. In fact, a higher
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in the same neighborhood). On avera
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Concentration of Tenant-Based Subsi
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Wang, Varady and Wang (2008) studie
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from the vouchers. However, there w
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consisting of single family zones,
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early-mid 1990’s consisting of pu
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Recent studies of individual housin
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One of the criticisms of the HOPE V
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that they are smaller scale, better
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Chapter 3METHODOLOGYWhile the conce
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Data AvailabilityA limitation in th
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just coming on line in the 1990’s
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with 1,500 to 12,000 the minimum an
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exclusion of these units is not pro
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Unduplication of Subsidized UnitsDu
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projects between 35.2 and 46.6 perc
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Resulting Data for AnalysisAs a res
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Lack of household level data will l
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TABLE 4.2Mean Subsidized Housing Un
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Measures of ConcentrationThree meas
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TABLE 4.6Subsidized Units as a Perc
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would have to be to be considered t
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mean of 82 subsidized units per tra
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Subsidized Housing by Type and Pove
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TABLE 4.9Subsidized Units by Subsid
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unemployment rate (.427), less than
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TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
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TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
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spatial sensitivity because many di
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It is possible that these census tr
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only 8 MSA’s). The segregation in
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The correlation between the subsidi
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developing strategies to deconcentr
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y subsidy type. The correlation bet
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with a poverty rate of 9.2 percent.
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The cluster is relatively small con
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Cluster 7: Other Site-Based Units -
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the only cluster that had a signifi
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alter the perception of public hous
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VouchersVoucher type tracts are dom
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TABLE 6.1Subsidized Units by Cluste
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FIGURE 6.1Percent Census Tracts by
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FIGURE 6.5Census Tract Percent Rent
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Cluster - Concentration -PovertyCen
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strategies. The cluster map shows t
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FIGURE 6.9Map of Public Housing Uni
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Cluster 1: Voucher/No Subsidized Un
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considered moderately concentrated
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Cluster Analysis ResultsThe cluster
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tracts than other subsidy types it
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ecommend efforts to reduce the leve
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scale at which the impacts occur; 2
Page 140 and 141: units. Given the high cost of these
Page 142 and 143: REFERENCESAbt Associates, I. (2006)
Page 144 and 145: Briggs, X. d. S. (Ed.). (2005). The
Page 146 and 147: Deng, L. (2007). Comparing the effe
Page 148 and 149: Ellen, I. G., & Voicu, I. (2005). N
Page 150 and 151: Galster, G. C. (2005). Consequences
Page 152 and 153: Harris, L. E. (1999). A home is mor
Page 154 and 155: Johnson, M. P. (2006). Single-perio
Page 156 and 157: Lee, B. A., Reardon, S. F., Firebau
Page 158 and 159: Nguyen, M. T. (2005). Does Affordab
Page 160 and 161: implementing eight consent decrees.
Page 162 and 163: Schwartz, A. (1999). New York City
Page 164 and 165: Varady, D. P., & Walker, C. C. (200
Page 166 and 167: APPENDIX A.1Downloadable Databases
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX A.4Missing DataPublicHousi
Page 170 and 171: APPENDIX A.6Subsidized Housing Unit
Page 172 and 173: APPENDIX A.8Subsidized Housing Unit
Page 174 and 175: APPENDIX A.9Demographics by Cluster
Page 176 and 177: MSAFIPS MSA Name Population Voucher
Page 186 and 187: MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name Popu
Page 196 and 197: Author Date Data GeographyGalster a
Page 198 and 199: Author Date Data GeographyHolloway,
Page 200 and 201: Author Date Data GeographyType ofPr
Page 202 and 203: Author Date Data GeographyMurray 19
Page 204 and 205: Author Date Data GeographyLee 20081
Page 206 and 207: Author Date Data GeographyOakley 20
Page 208 and 209: Devine, Gray,Rubin andTaghavi (HUD)
Page 210 and 211: Carlson,Haveman,Kaplan andWolfe 200
Page 212 and 213: Newman andSchnare 1997Rohe andFreem
Page 214: Galster andZobel 1998Freeman andBot
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