The Spatial Concentration of Subsidized Housing - Poverty & Race ...

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TABLE 4.6Subsidized Units as a Percent of Total Units in Census Tract 2000Subsidized Units as Percentof Total Housing UnitsNumberCensus TractsPercentCensus TractsCumulativePercent0% 8,253 16.1 16.11-5% 29,748 58.2 74.36-10% 5,751 11.3 85.611-25% 5,172 10.1 95.726-50% 1,577 3.1 98.8Above 50% 617 1.2 100.0Total 51,118 100.0Subsidized Units as Percent of Rental Units in Census TractThe number of subsidized housing units as a percentage of rental units is 10.8percent. Two-thirds of census tracts (68.1 percent) have rental percentages under themean and can be considered low or very low concentration. There are 7,710 censustracts (15.1 percent) where subsidized housing makes up over 25 percent of the rentalstock. These census tracts could be considered highly concentrated. A subset of thesetracts, 2,748 census tracts (5.4 percent) are very highly concentrated with subsidizedunits comprising over 50 percent of all rental units in these tracts.64
TABLE 4.7Subsidized Units as a Percent of Rental Units in Census Tract 2000Subsidized Units asPercent of Rental UnitsNumberCensus TractsPercentCensus TractsCumulativePercent0% 8,253 16.1 16.11-5% 20,146 39.4 55.56-10% 6,507 12.7 68.111-25% 8,502 16.6 84.826-50% 4,962 9.7 94.6Above 50% 2,748 5.4 100.0Total 51,118 100.0The three measures of concentration indicate that a large majority of censustracts are not concentrated and that a significant percentage of all tracts have nosubsidized housing units. Depending on the measure (absolute, percent of all units, orpercent of rental units) between two-thirds and three-quarters of all census tracts canbe considered not concentrated. Another ten to twenty percent can be consideredmoderately concentrated. Between five and fifteen percent of all census tracts can beconsidered highly concentrated. Table 4.7 presents the number of subsidized units as apercent of rental units in the census tract.Subsidized Housing and Poverty ConcentrationOne of the primary concerns regarding subsidized housing has been thelocation in areas of concentrated poverty. Therefore it is important to consider therelationship between subsidized housing and neighborhood poverty rate. Althoughthere is no standard for how high the level of subsidized housing in a neighborhood65
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THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF SUBSID
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I certify that I have read this dis
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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLES ...
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6.4 Summary of Cluster Analysis Res
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Table 5.2 Range of MSA Segregation
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ABSTRACTSubsidized housing has been
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Chapter 1INTRODUCTIONPublic housing
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Data on subsidized housing prior to
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subsidy programs in that rents are
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Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEWA compreh
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from the nine matched neighborhood
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Overall, it is clear that there are
Page 25 and 26: limited the study to city vs. subur
Page 27 and 28: to the public housing, location adj
Page 29 and 30: hardship; and 2) public housing wea
Page 31 and 32: deconcentrated over time is whether
Page 33 and 34: deconcentration. In fact, a higher
Page 35 and 36: in the same neighborhood). On avera
Page 37 and 38: Concentration of Tenant-Based Subsi
Page 39 and 40: Wang, Varady and Wang (2008) studie
Page 41 and 42: from the vouchers. However, there w
Page 43 and 44: consisting of single family zones,
Page 45 and 46: early-mid 1990’s consisting of pu
Page 47 and 48: Recent studies of individual housin
Page 49 and 50: One of the criticisms of the HOPE V
Page 51 and 52: that they are smaller scale, better
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3METHODOLOGYWhile the conce
Page 55 and 56: Data AvailabilityA limitation in th
Page 57 and 58: just coming on line in the 1990’s
Page 59 and 60: with 1,500 to 12,000 the minimum an
Page 61 and 62: exclusion of these units is not pro
Page 63 and 64: Unduplication of Subsidized UnitsDu
Page 65: projects between 35.2 and 46.6 perc
Page 68 and 69: Resulting Data for AnalysisAs a res
Page 70 and 71: Lack of household level data will l
Page 72 and 73: TABLE 4.2Mean Subsidized Housing Un
Page 74 and 75: Measures of ConcentrationThree meas
Page 78 and 79: would have to be to be considered t
Page 80 and 81: mean of 82 subsidized units per tra
Page 82 and 83: Subsidized Housing by Type and Pove
Page 84 and 85: TABLE 4.9Subsidized Units by Subsid
Page 86 and 87: unemployment rate (.427), less than
Page 88 and 89: TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
Page 90 and 91: TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
Page 92 and 93: spatial sensitivity because many di
Page 94 and 95: It is possible that these census tr
Page 96 and 97: only 8 MSA’s). The segregation in
Page 98 and 99: The correlation between the subsidi
Page 100 and 101: developing strategies to deconcentr
Page 102 and 103: y subsidy type. The correlation bet
Page 104 and 105: with a poverty rate of 9.2 percent.
Page 106 and 107: The cluster is relatively small con
Page 108 and 109: Cluster 7: Other Site-Based Units -
Page 110 and 111: the only cluster that had a signifi
Page 112 and 113: alter the perception of public hous
Page 114 and 115: VouchersVoucher type tracts are dom
Page 116 and 117: TABLE 6.1Subsidized Units by Cluste
Page 118 and 119: FIGURE 6.1Percent Census Tracts by
Page 120 and 121: FIGURE 6.5Census Tract Percent Rent
Page 122 and 123: Cluster - Concentration -PovertyCen
Page 124 and 125: strategies. The cluster map shows t
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FIGURE 6.9Map of Public Housing Uni
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Cluster 1: Voucher/No Subsidized Un
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considered moderately concentrated
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Cluster Analysis ResultsThe cluster
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tracts than other subsidy types it
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ecommend efforts to reduce the leve
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scale at which the impacts occur; 2
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units. Given the high cost of these
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REFERENCESAbt Associates, I. (2006)
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Briggs, X. d. S. (Ed.). (2005). The
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Deng, L. (2007). Comparing the effe
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Ellen, I. G., & Voicu, I. (2005). N
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Galster, G. C. (2005). Consequences
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Harris, L. E. (1999). A home is mor
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Johnson, M. P. (2006). Single-perio
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Lee, B. A., Reardon, S. F., Firebau
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Nguyen, M. T. (2005). Does Affordab
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implementing eight consent decrees.
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Schwartz, A. (1999). New York City
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Varady, D. P., & Walker, C. C. (200
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APPENDIX A.1Downloadable Databases
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APPENDIX A.4Missing DataPublicHousi
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APPENDIX A.6Subsidized Housing Unit
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APPENDIX A.8Subsidized Housing Unit
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APPENDIX A.9Demographics by Cluster
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MSAFIPS MSA Name Population Voucher
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MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name Popu
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Author Date Data GeographyGalster a
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Author Date Data GeographyHolloway,
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Author Date Data GeographyType ofPr
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Author Date Data GeographyMurray 19
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Author Date Data GeographyLee 20081
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Author Date Data GeographyOakley 20
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Devine, Gray,Rubin andTaghavi (HUD)
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Carlson,Haveman,Kaplan andWolfe 200
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Newman andSchnare 1997Rohe andFreem
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Galster andZobel 1998Freeman andBot
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