The Spatial Concentration of Subsidized Housing - Poverty & Race ...

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MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name PopulationBlack-Non-BlackHispanic-Non-HispanicPoor-Non-PoorSubsidized-Non-Subsidized920 Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS MSA 363,988 0.4989 0.2625 0.2295 0.5006960 Binghamton, NY MSA 252,320 0.4730 0.3604 0.3054 0.59571000 Birmingham, AL MSA 921,106 0.6979 0.4507 0.3846 0.62511010 Bismarck, ND MSA 94,719 0.2901 0.2556 0.1925 0.30111020 Bloomington, IN MSA 120,563 0.2958 0.2891 0.4756 0.59401040 Bloomington-Normal, IL MSA 150,433 0.3431 0.2952 0.5095 0.67841080 Boise City, ID MSA 432,345 0.3011 0.3916 0.2700 0.48211120 Boston, MA-NH PMSA 3,405,347 0.6215 0.5319 0.3864 0.55931125 Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 291,288 0.2730 0.3789 0.3791 0.49701145 Brazoria, TX PMSA 241,767 0.3557 0.2535 0.2339 0.64681150 Bremerton, WA PMSA 231,969 0.3992 0.1897 0.2682 0.50501160 Bridgeport, CT PMSA 459,479 0.6347 0.5601 0.4402 0.59751200 Brockton, MA PMSA 253,210 0.5883 0.4690 0.3914 0.55721240 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA 335,227 0.4379 0.4177 0.2299 0.50891260 Bryan-College Station, TX MSA 152,415 0.4177 0.3772 0.4066 0.45101280 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA 1,162,903 0.7502 0.5187 0.4387 0.55271305 Burlington, VT MSA 170,570 0.2894 0.2930 0.3811 0.52901320 Canton-Massillon, OH MSA 406,934 0.5669 0.2999 0.3567 0.59881350 Casper, WY MSA 66,533 0.3047 0.1801 0.2044 0.46321360 Cedar Rapids, IA MSA 191,701 0.4278 0.3145 0.3023 0.56121400 Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 179,669 0.4388 0.2945 0.5078 0.58521440 Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA 549,033 0.4341 0.3191 0.3163 0.61081480 Charleston, WV MSA 251,662 0.5422 0.3843 0.2358 0.51511520 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC MSA 1,499,293 0.5023 0.4274 0.3017 0.61371540 Charlottesville, VA MSA 159,576 0.3376 0.2494 0.4061 0.64441560 Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA 465,161 0.6852 0.3443 0.3101 0.68771580 Cheyenne, WY MSA 81,607 0.3010 0.2432 0.2188 0.39061600 Chicago, IL PMSA 8,272,255 0.7706 0.5964 0.4388 0.64741620 Chico-Paradise, CA MSA 203,171 0.3486 0.2673 0.3284 0.46561640 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN PMSA 1,645,474 0.7354 0.3469 0.3958 0.59351660 Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY MSA 207,033 0.3523 0.3610 0.2709 0.59371680 Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH PMSA 2,250,287 0.7605 0.5649 0.4511 0.64871720 Colorado Springs, CO MSA 516,929 0.3688 0.2710 0.2958 0.57981740 Columbia, MO MSA 135,454 0.3673 0.2648 0.4127 0.45741760 Columbia, SC MSA 531,912 0.4985 0.3125 0.3584 0.5615174
MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name PopulationBlack-Non-BlackHispanic-Non-HispanicPoor-Non-PoorSubsidized-Non-Subsidized1800 Columbus, GA-AL MSA 272,985 0.5589 0.3747 0.3800 0.61691840 Columbus, OH MSA 1,540,157 0.6064 0.3625 0.4133 0.60401880 Corpus Christi, TX MSA 380,783 0.3529 0.4280 0.3105 0.56681890 Corvallis, OR MSA 78,153 0.2690 0.2489 0.4175 0.42001900 Cumberland, MD-WV MSA 102,008 0.4824 0.3738 0.2344 0.47171920 Dallas, TX PMSA 3,519,176 0.5310 0.4858 0.3715 0.65261930 Danbury, CT PMSA 217,980 0.4564 0.5024 0.3389 0.70701950 Danville, VA MSA 110,156 0.3374 0.3948 0.2366 0.55911960 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA 359,062 0.5074 0.3654 0.3220 0.53162000 Dayton-Springfield, OH MSA 950,558 0.6933 0.3087 0.4044 0.51552020 Daytona Beach, FL MSA 493,175 0.5412 0.4077 0.2622 0.65292030 Decatur, AL MSA 145,867 0.5579 0.5268 0.2500 0.55372040 Decatur, IL MSA 114,706 0.5386 0.3576 0.4249 0.54272080 Denver, CO PMSA 2,106,735 0.5787 0.4693 0.3909 0.61472120 Des Moines, IA MSA 456,022 0.5288 0.4422 0.3362 0.54982160 Detroit, MI PMSA 4,439,627 0.8352 0.4517 0.4478 0.67892180 Dothan, AL MSA 137,916 0.4056 0.3876 0.2156 0.44062190 Dover, DE MSA 126,697 0.3228 0.1983 0.1728 0.59842200 Dubuque, IA MSA 89,143 0.4453 0.4439 0.2710 0.47392240 Duluth-Superior, MN-WI MSA 243,815 0.4965 0.3245 0.2860 0.54712281 Dutchess County, NY PMSA 280,150 0.5110 0.2969 0.3438 0.66102290 Eau Claire, WI MSA 148,337 0.3759 0.2907 0.3325 0.41862320 El Paso, TX MSA 679,622 0.4233 0.4489 0.2952 0.54262330 Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA 182,791 0.5414 0.4254 0.2226 0.57542335 Elmira, NY MSA 91,070 0.4935 0.4281 0.3252 0.61822340 Enid, OK MSA 57,813 0.2744 0.4080 0.2642 0.49982360 Erie, PA MSA 280,843 0.6315 0.4903 0.3758 0.54312400 Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA 322,959 0.2802 0.2330 0.2754 0.46382440 Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY MSA 296,195 0.5716 0.3363 0.3594 0.56192520 Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN MSA 174,367 0.4024 0.3298 0.2978 0.42462560 Fayetteville, NC MSA 302,963 0.2991 0.2468 0.2406 0.50692580 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA 311,121 0.4870 0.4412 0.2430 0.52962600 Fitchburg-Leominster, MA PMSA 140,448 0.3027 0.4088 0.2782 0.53762620 Flagstaff, AZ-UT MSA 122,366 0.3633 0.3781 0.3423 0.62952640 Flint, MI PMSA 436,141 0.7591 0.2855 0.4217 0.6270175
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THE SPATIAL CONCENTRATION OF SUBSID
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I certify that I have read this dis
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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLES ...
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6.4 Summary of Cluster Analysis Res
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Table 5.2 Range of MSA Segregation
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ABSTRACTSubsidized housing has been
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Chapter 1INTRODUCTIONPublic housing
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Data on subsidized housing prior to
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subsidy programs in that rents are
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Chapter 2LITERATURE REVIEWA compreh
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from the nine matched neighborhood
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Overall, it is clear that there are
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limited the study to city vs. subur
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to the public housing, location adj
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hardship; and 2) public housing wea
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deconcentrated over time is whether
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deconcentration. In fact, a higher
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in the same neighborhood). On avera
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Concentration of Tenant-Based Subsi
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Wang, Varady and Wang (2008) studie
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from the vouchers. However, there w
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consisting of single family zones,
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early-mid 1990’s consisting of pu
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Recent studies of individual housin
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One of the criticisms of the HOPE V
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that they are smaller scale, better
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Chapter 3METHODOLOGYWhile the conce
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Data AvailabilityA limitation in th
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just coming on line in the 1990’s
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with 1,500 to 12,000 the minimum an
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exclusion of these units is not pro
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Unduplication of Subsidized UnitsDu
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projects between 35.2 and 46.6 perc
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Resulting Data for AnalysisAs a res
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Lack of household level data will l
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TABLE 4.2Mean Subsidized Housing Un
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Measures of ConcentrationThree meas
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TABLE 4.6Subsidized Units as a Perc
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would have to be to be considered t
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mean of 82 subsidized units per tra
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Subsidized Housing by Type and Pove
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TABLE 4.9Subsidized Units by Subsid
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unemployment rate (.427), less than
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TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
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TABLE 4.12Correlation Matrix (page
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spatial sensitivity because many di
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It is possible that these census tr
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only 8 MSA’s). The segregation in
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The correlation between the subsidi
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developing strategies to deconcentr
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y subsidy type. The correlation bet
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with a poverty rate of 9.2 percent.
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The cluster is relatively small con
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Cluster 7: Other Site-Based Units -
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the only cluster that had a signifi
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alter the perception of public hous
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VouchersVoucher type tracts are dom
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TABLE 6.1Subsidized Units by Cluste
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FIGURE 6.1Percent Census Tracts by
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FIGURE 6.5Census Tract Percent Rent
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Cluster - Concentration -PovertyCen
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strategies. The cluster map shows t
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FIGURE 6.9Map of Public Housing Uni
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Cluster 1: Voucher/No Subsidized Un
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considered moderately concentrated
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Cluster Analysis ResultsThe cluster
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tracts than other subsidy types it
Page 136 and 137: ecommend efforts to reduce the leve
Page 138 and 139: scale at which the impacts occur; 2
Page 140 and 141: units. Given the high cost of these
Page 142 and 143: REFERENCESAbt Associates, I. (2006)
Page 144 and 145: Briggs, X. d. S. (Ed.). (2005). The
Page 146 and 147: Deng, L. (2007). Comparing the effe
Page 148 and 149: Ellen, I. G., & Voicu, I. (2005). N
Page 150 and 151: Galster, G. C. (2005). Consequences
Page 152 and 153: Harris, L. E. (1999). A home is mor
Page 154 and 155: Johnson, M. P. (2006). Single-perio
Page 156 and 157: Lee, B. A., Reardon, S. F., Firebau
Page 158 and 159: Nguyen, M. T. (2005). Does Affordab
Page 160 and 161: implementing eight consent decrees.
Page 162 and 163: Schwartz, A. (1999). New York City
Page 164 and 165: Varady, D. P., & Walker, C. C. (200
Page 166 and 167: APPENDIX A.1Downloadable Databases
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX A.4Missing DataPublicHousi
Page 170 and 171: APPENDIX A.6Subsidized Housing Unit
Page 172 and 173: APPENDIX A.8Subsidized Housing Unit
Page 174 and 175: APPENDIX A.9Demographics by Cluster
Page 176 and 177: MSAFIPS MSA Name Population Voucher
Page 188 and 189: MSA /PMSA Code MSA / PMSA Name Popu
Page 196 and 197: Author Date Data GeographyGalster a
Page 198 and 199: Author Date Data GeographyHolloway,
Page 200 and 201: Author Date Data GeographyType ofPr
Page 202 and 203: Author Date Data GeographyMurray 19
Page 204 and 205: Author Date Data GeographyLee 20081
Page 206 and 207: Author Date Data GeographyOakley 20
Page 208 and 209: Devine, Gray,Rubin andTaghavi (HUD)
Page 210 and 211: Carlson,Haveman,Kaplan andWolfe 200
Page 212 and 213: Newman andSchnare 1997Rohe andFreem
Page 214: Galster andZobel 1998Freeman andBot
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