Neural Correlates of Processing Syntax in Music and ... - PubMan

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Experiment III 131 scalp sites. Planned comparisons with user-defined contrasts were employed. Firstly, with these contrasts it was investigated at which ROI the ERAN was significant when both groups were considered. The ERAN was significant in all four ROIs (left-anterior: F(1,30) = 39.35, p < 0.001; right-anterior: F(1,30) = 52.01, p < 0.001; left-posterior: F(1,30) = 11.16, p = 0.002; right-posterior: F(1,30) = 11.65, p = 0.002) which reflects its relatively broad distribution. Secondly, it should be determined at which ROI the ERAN was significantly larger in the MT group compared to the NM group. Such group difference was observed in the right-anterior ROI (F(1,30) = 4.53, p = 0.042). Figure 11-2 ERPs from the music (upper panel) and the language experiment (bottom panel): The group means are given in separate panels, either left for the musically trained children (MT) or right for the children without musical training (NM). Within each panel the upper rows contain the electrodes from the left-anterior ROI, and the bottom rows the electrodes of the right-anterior ROI. Black dotted lines represent the ERP response to the irregular chords (in the music experiment) or to the syntactically incorrect sentences (in the language experiment), black solid lines these to the regular chords or to the syntactically correct sentences. The red solid lines shows the difference of these conditions (i.e., between irregular and regular chords or between syntactically incorrect and correct sentences). In the figure presenting the head position of the electrodes, electrodes that are contained in the ROIs, used for statistical evaluation, are printed in black. To investigate whether an ERAN was present in either group, an ANOVA with the same within-subject factors as above was computed, separately for each group. As expected, a main effect of syntactic regularity was found in both groups (MT: F(1,18) = 27.08, p < 0.001; NM: F(1,12) = 24.99, p < 0.001). In addition, an interaction of syntactic regularity × anterior-posterior distribution was found in the MT group (F(1,18) = 26.64, p < 0.001). This reflects that an ERAN was elicited in both groups, which had a higher amplitude at anterior sites in the MT group.
Experiment III 132 N5: In the present experiment, an N5 was observed as a difference between irregular and regular chords around 400 to 800 ms (see Figure 11-2). It had a negative polarity and was most prominent in the anterior ROIs (left: M= -1.02 μV, SEM = 0.36 μV; right: M = -0.93 μV, SEM = 0.34 μV) whereas there were only small differences in the posterior ROIs (left: M= -0.41 μV, SEM = 0.26 μV; right: M= -0.15 μV, SEM = 0.22 μV). The amplitude in the MT group (left-anterior: M = -0.88 μV, SEM = 0.40 μV; right-anterior: M = -0.90 μV, SEM = 0.39 μV) and in the NM group (left-anterior: M = -1.15 μV, SEM = 0.64 μV; right-anterior: M= -0.96 μV, SEM = 0.59 μV) was of a similar size. The scalp distribution of the N5 (see Figure 11-3) was most prominent at anterior electrodes: in the MT group it was more anterior than in the NM group. Figure 11-3 Scalp topographies of the investigated ERP components (ERAN, N5, and LSN). The head plots represent spherical spline interpolations of the amplitude difference between either irregular and regular chords (ERAN and N5) or syntactically incorrect and correct sentences (LSN). The time windows were the same as these used for statistical evaluation. The upper panel shows the head plots from the children with musical training (MT), the bottom row these of the children without musical training (NM). An overview of the results of the ANOVA (with the same within-subject and betweensubjects factors as above) is shown in Table 11-2. The ANOVA revealed a main effect
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Sebastian Jentschke: Neural Correla
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Gutachter der Arbeit Prof. Dr. Ange
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Table of contents 1 Introduction 1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS IX 7 Electroencep
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TABLE OF CONTENTS XI Abbreviations
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Zusammenfassung der wissenschaftlic
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1 Introduction Language and music a
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2 Music Perception Music is one of
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Music Perception 5 to her infant re
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Music Perception 7 chronize movemen
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Music Perception 9 at 5 years of ag
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Music Perception 11 keys related by
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Music Perception 13 Krumhansl and S
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Music Perception 15 tion. The proce
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Music Perception 17 MMN paradigms m
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Music Perception 19 In a study, emp
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Music Perception 21 2001a). Janata
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3 Musical Training Performing a pie
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Musical Training 25 Deliberate prac
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Musical Training 27 them to transfe
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Musical Training 29 can be found ev
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Musical Training 31 dition (and onl
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Musical Training 33 without substan
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Musical Training 35 such studies sh
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Musical Training 37 with regard to
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Music and Language 40 Brown (2000)
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Music and Language 42 ture (for a r
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Music and Language 44 Neural constr
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Music and Language 46 pitch registe
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Music and Language 48 functions. Th
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Music and Language 50 found from ve
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Language Perception 52 cross-langua
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Language Perception 54 ing that a w
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Language Perception 56 Perceptual g
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Language Perception 58 Social const
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Language Perception 60 Syntax After
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Language Perception 62 2002; Newpor
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Language Perception 64 Complex synt
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Language Perception 66 which these
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Language Perception 68 interaction
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Language Perception 70 only disrupt
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Language Perception 72 tic structur
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Specific Language Impairment 74 ind
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Specific Language Impairment 76 6.2
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Specific Language Impairment 78 6.3
Page 99 and 100: Specific Language Impairment 80 (Be
Page 101 and 102: Specific Language Impairment 82 ply
Page 103 and 104: Specific Language Impairment 84 mis
Page 105 and 106: Specific Language Impairment 86 the
Page 107 and 108: Electroencephalography and Event-Re
Page 109 and 110: Electroencephalography and Event-Re
Page 112: 8 Experiments I - IV: Introduction
Page 115 and 116: Experiment I 96 parents. 13 All chi
Page 117 and 118: Experiment I 98 patterns in short-t
Page 119 and 120: Experiment I 100 -1.02 μV, SEM =0.
Page 121 and 122: Experiment I 102 EAD Figure 9-3 Gra
Page 123 and 124: Experiment I 104 amplitude size of
Page 126 and 127: 10 Experiment II: Neural correlates
Page 128 and 129: Experiment II 109 Stimuli and parad
Page 130 and 131: Experiment II 111 tion of objects;
Page 132 and 133: Experiment II 113 amplitude in the
Page 134 and 135: Experiment II 115 as compared to no
Page 136 and 137: Experiment II 117 negative) amplitu
Page 138 and 139: Experiment II 119 expectancy of a r
Page 140 and 141: Experiment II 121 physical judgemen
Page 142 and 143: 11 Experiment III: Neural correlate
Page 144 and 145: Experiment III 125 periment IV - wh
Page 146 and 147: Experiment III 127 cational backgro
Page 148 and 149: Experiment III 129 due to a differe
Page 152 and 153: Experiment III 133 of syntactic reg
Page 154 and 155: Experiment III 135 Even though desc
Page 156: Experiment III 137 ion than in the
Page 159 and 160: Experiment IV 140 cluded), [2] they
Page 161 and 162: Experiment IV 142 12.3 Results Coho
Page 163 and 164: Experiment IV 144 Figure 12-3 summa
Page 165 and 166: Experiment IV 146 p < 0.001). In th
Page 167 and 168: Experiment IV 148 tion cross vs. si
Page 169 and 170: Experiment IV 150 anterior: F(1,39)
Page 171 and 172: Experiment IV 152 An N5 usually fol
Page 174 and 175: 13 Experiment I - IV: Development o
Page 176: Development of the Neural Correlate
Page 179 and 180: General Discussion 160 and Leonard,
Page 181 and 182: General Discussion 162 sent in the
Page 183 and 184: General Discussion 164 economic sta
Page 185 and 186: General Discussion 166 Friederici,
Page 187 and 188: General Discussion 168 year old chi
Page 190 and 191: Lists of figures and tables Figure
Page 192 and 193: References Abney, S. P. (1989). A c
Page 194 and 195: References 175 Bharucha, J. J., & S
Page 196 and 197: References 177 Brattico, E., Tervan
Page 198 and 199: References 179 Creel, S. C., Newpor
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References 181 Farrell, M. M., & Ph
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References 183 Friedrich, M., & Fri
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References 185 logie. Themenbereich
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References 187 Hoff, E., & Tian, C.
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References 189 Jones, M. R. (1982).
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References 191 Koelsch, S., & Siebe
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References 193 Leonard, L. B. (2000
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References 195 McMullen, E., & Saff
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References 197 Nobre, A. C., Coull,
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References 199 Peretz, I. (1990). P
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References 201 Roederer, J. (1984).
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References 203 Schöler, H. (2004).
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References 205 Sluming, V., Brooks,
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References 207 Thompson, W. F., Sch
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References 209 Trehub, S. E. (2003c
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References 211 Weinert, S. (1991).
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Appendix A-2 014 incorrect Das Nilp
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Appendix A-4 044 correct Der Rasen
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Appendix A-6 073 incorrect Die Medi
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Curriculum vitae Sebastian Jentschk
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Selbstständigkeitserklärung Hierm
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MPI Series in Human Cognitive and B
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32 André J. Szameitat Die Funktion
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63 Ann Pannekamp Prosodische Inform
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96 Marcel Braß Das inferior fronta
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