ConflictBarometer_2015

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MEXICO (DRUG CARTELS) January February March April May June July August September October November December NO VIOLENT CONFLICT MEASURES VIOLENT CRISIS LIMITED WAR WAR data: HIIK map: jok
THE AMERICAS Zetas, in San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo León state. After marines and US Drug Enforcement Administration officers had arrested Joaquín ''El Chapo'' Guzmán Loera, head of the Sinaloa Cartel, on 02/22/14, he escaped from the Altiplano maximum security prison in Almoloya de Juárez, Mexico state, on July 11. Drug cartels engaged in many illegal businesses other than drug-trafficking, such as human trafficking, kidnapping, and extortion. Oil theft sharply increased in <strong>2015</strong>, amounting to more than nine million barrels, according to Pemex figures. asm MEXICO (INTER-CARTEL VIOLENCE, PARAMILITARY GROUPS) Intensity: 4 | Change: | Start: 2005 Conflict parties: Conflict items: CDG et al. vs. Los Zetas et al. vs. CJNG et al. vs. Sinaloa et al. vs. LCT et al. vs. LFM et al. subnational predominance, resources The conflict over subnational predominance, illegal drugs, and natural resources between various drug cartels remained highly violent. The most involved combat groups were those of the Gulf Cartel (CDG), Los Zetas, Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG), Sinaloa Cartel, and Los Caballeros Templarios (LCT). CDG and Los Zetas stayed the most powerful, albeit almost all major cartels fragmented further. Baja California, Guerrero, and Tamaulipas were the most contested states. Fights between rivaling factions of the Sinaloa and the Tijuana cartels caused a wave of violence in Baja California, leaving 101 people dead from January 1 to March 10. On April 5, 13 banners were hung from bridges in the northwestern border city Tijuana signed by CJNG and the Tijuana Cartel, warning of an upsurge of confrontations with the Sinaloa Cartel. Intercartel violence in Tijuana left 78 people dead during August and September. In Guerrero, violent power struggles between the Beltrán Leyva remainders Los Ardillos and Los Rojos, and the LFM splinter group Guerreros Unidos were on the rise. On January 5, authorities discovered six graves near Chilapa containing eleven heads and ten corpses of supposed Los Ardillos members next to a message signed by Los Rojos. Battles between Los Ardillos, Los Rojos, and Guerreros Unidos from April 3 to 9 left 25 people dead, twelve of these in Acapulco and seven in Chilpancingo. On July 22, Los Rojos killed 23 Los Ardillos members in Acapulco, Iguala, and Zitlala during separate incidents. On December 28, the bodies of LFM founder Carlos ''El Tísico'' Rosales Mendoza and three more supposed LFM members were found on a highway close to Parácuaro, Michoacán. Shortly before, a nearby reunion of alleged Tierra Caliente cartel leaders had ended in a shootout. The fourth year of fights between CDG and Los Zetas as well as CDG infighting remained highly violent. On February 4, confrontations between the rivaling CDG factions Los Ciclones and Los Metros claimed the lives of over 30 people and led to road blockades in Matamoros, Reynosa, Rio Bravo, and Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas. 27 CDG gunmen were killed in an intra-cartel shootout in Camargo on March 26. Following the capture of José ''El Gafe'' Tiburcio Hernández, the presumed leader of Los Metros, on April 17 [→ Mexico (drug cartels)], shootouts of combatting CDG groups were reported in six suburbs of Reynosa. On June 9, 40 gunmen died in a firefight between Los Ciclones and Los Metros in Control, Estación Ramírez, La Sierrita, and Lucio Blanco. A total of 36 people were killed in clashes between CDG and Los Zetas in Nuevo León state from June 19 to 21. On June 19 for example, supposed CDG members shot dead ten Los Zetas members in a beer distribution center in the municipality of García. Rivalries between the Los Memos and Los Salazar cells of the Sinaloa Cartel led to an upsurge in violence in Sonora state. Near Sonoyta, 28 gunmen and two civilians died between April 30 and May 5. Especially in the area of Desierto de Sonora, more than 1,200 fled their homes due to heavy fighting in May. In Veracruz state, shootouts between CJNG and Los Zetas left ten people dead near the state capital Xalapa on May 3. From November 1 to 28, the bodies of 41 people were found near the municipality of Cosolapa, Oaxaca state, and identified as members of rivaling Los Zetas factions. asm MEXICO (PUBLIC SECURITY) Intensity: 3 | Change: | Start: 2014 Conflict parties: Conflict items: normalistas et al. vs. government system/ideology The violent crisis concerning the political system and the handling of public security between teacher trainees, socalled normalistas, and teachers' unions, on the one hand, and the government under President Enrique Peña Nieto, on the other hand, continued. The conflict had been triggered by the abduction of 43 normalistas and bystanders as well as the killing of six and the injuring of 25 on 09/26/14 in Iguala, Guerrero state. The case remained largely unsolved by the government. On January 27, then-Attorney General Jesús Murillo Karam declared the missing students dead. Normalistas, teachers' unions, and other solidary organizations continued protests against the government [→ Mexico (CNTE et al.)]. They blamed it for covering up the collusion of local government agencies with the local cartel-offshoot Guerreros Unidos [→ Mexico (drug cartels)]. Particularly every month around the date of the Iguala incident, protests in different parts of the country were staged, mainly in Guerrero and in the capital Mexico City, often involving violence. For instance, on January 26 marking the four-month anniversary, protesters took to the streets in 21 Mexican states and in nine other countries, calling upon the government to thoroughly investigate the Iguala case. On March 28, a police check in Tixtla, Guerrero, resulted in a clash, leaving four state policemen and two students injured while another two were arrested. A few hours later, normalistas torched one fire station, one police station, two buses, and three motorcycles. On June 5, five state policemen and around ten protesters were injured when the police cleared the blocking of a gas station in Tlapa, Guerrero. In view of the upcoming state elections on June 7, normalistas and other protest groups announced to boycott the polls. Elections in Tixtla had to be annulled due to normalistas stealing election material the day of the election. On several occasions, police intercepted normalistas on their way to protest marches. For instance, on September 26, the police stopped students travelling by bus near El Correo, Michoacán state. While the former used tear gas, the students hurled stones and torched tires, leaving 20 normalistas injured. The same day, more than 15,000 115
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2015 disputes non-violent crises vi
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CONFLICT BAROMETER I 2015 Analyzed
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AUTHORS AND EDITORIAL BOARD EUROPE
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Methodology
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In addition to the three constituti
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Global Conflict Panorama
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VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN 2015 (SUBNATIO
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GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GLOBAL CONFLICT
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GLOBAL CONFLICT PANORAMA ANALYSIS I
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GLOBAL CONFLICT PANORAMA COUPS D'É
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MEASURES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION NEG
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MEASURES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION adv
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MEASURES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION rit
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MEASURES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION AUT
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MEASURES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION Dur
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CONFLICT ISSUES INTERNATIONAL POWER
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CONFLICT ISSUES as well as Hungary
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CONFLICT ISSUES between the House o
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CONFLICT ISSUES Maghreb were fought
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VIOLENT SUBNATIONAL PREDOMINANCE CO
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NATURAL RESOURCE CONFLICTS IN 2015
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VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN EUROPE IN 2015
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EUROPE they envisaged the region's
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EUROPE Name of conflict 1 Conflict
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EUROPE Lukashenka, on the other, co
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EUROPE GREECE (SOCIAL PROTESTS, LEF
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EUROPE Bridge in Moscow. Subsequent
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EUROPE MP Donika Kadaj-Bujupi was a
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EUROPE of movement and speech, paym
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EUROPE In mid-July, the government
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Sub-Saharan Africa
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SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Counting 97, the
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Page 101 and 102: VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN THE AMERICAS I
Page 103 and 104: THE AMERICAS In various countries,
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Page 107 and 108: THE AMERICAS CHILE (MAPUCHE / ARAUC
Page 109 and 110: THE AMERICAS incident an ''act of d
Page 111 and 112: THE AMERICAS November 3, the air fo
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Page 115: THE AMERICAS fices were carried out
Page 119 and 120: THE AMERICAS gion of the Northern A
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Page 125 and 126: VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN ASIA AND OCEAN
Page 127 and 128: ASIA AND OCEANIA central government
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB (Sunni mili
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB Name of con
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB AFGHANISTAN
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB ALGERIA (MA
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB On November
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB state betwe
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB and the int
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB obstruct th
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB Syria. In t
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB In February
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB September,
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB Army (LNA),
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July - September October - December
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB of whom was
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB flights to
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MIDDLE EAST AND MAGHREB Al-Houthi m
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YEMEN, SAUDI ARABIA (AL-HOUTHI) Jan
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IMPRINT ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Nadine A
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Heidelberg Institute for Internatio
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