ConflictBarometer_2015

ASIA AND OCEANIA
a military operation and declared having killed 80 militants.
In contrast, several media reports claimed the number to be
much lower. According to the government, security forces
crossed the border to Myanmar during the operation. The
government of Myanmar, however, denied this.
Throughout the year, at least 80 people were killed in violent
encounters between government forces and militant
groups. Furthermore, around 400 militants were arrested.
On January 6, the police killed two alleged leaders of the
United Revolutionary Front at Kwahta Khuman, Bishnupur
district. PREPAK-Pro claimed responsibility for three violent
attacks against army personnel in Ukhrul, Thoubal, and
Moirang districts the same month. On March 31, PLA militants
attacked the paramilitary group Assam Rifles (AR) with IEDs
and firearms in Ukhrul district. PLA thereby killed two and
injured one AR member, while the security forces killed one
PLA member. On May 23, security forces killed two militants
of the Kuki National Front (KNF) Nehlun faction and one
civilian in two separate clashes in Bongbal Khullen, Senapati
district.
Since 2006, the Meitei demanded the implementation of the
Inner Line Permit System (ILPS) under which non-Manipuris
require permission to enter the state and are prohibited to
purchase land. When the state legislative assembly instead
introduced the Manipur Regulation of Visitors, Tenants and
Migrant Workers Bill, violent protests erupted from March
16 onwards. The bill rendered the obligation to register
all non-Manipuri entering the state. During the protests
mainly organized by the Meitei Joint Committee of Inner Line
Permit System (JCLIPS), demonstrators clashed with government
forces, destroying private property and imposing street
blockades and strikes, so-called bandhs. On July 8, the police
killed one person in Imphal district when they tried to
disperse the protesters. The state government withdrew the
bill one week later. However, protests demanding the ILPS
continued.
On August 19, Meitei protesters clashed with Kukis who opposed
the demand for ILPS in Moreh, Chandel. During the
clashes, several shops and offices were looted or burned
down. The Manipur Legislative Assembly passed three revised
bills on August 31 including the demanded restrictions
on land purchase by non-Manipuris. While the Meitei accepted
the bills, Kukis and the Nagas who settled in Manipur
resumed violent protests. During clashes in Churachandpur
district in the following days, security forces killed nine people.
Protesters burned down houses of at least one state
minister, five members of the state legislative assembly, and
one member of the Lok Sabha. Until the end of the year,
Meitei organizations refused to bury the killed protesters
unless state authorities would investigate their deaths. In
December, JCLIPS threatened to resume its protests unless
the bills were implemented by the beginning of 2016. mbl
INDIA (NAXALITES)
Intensity: 3 | Change: | Start: 1997
Conflict parties:
Conflict items:
CPI-M, PLFI, TPC et al. vs. government
system/ideology
The violent crisis over ideology and the orientation of the
political system between the Naxalites and the government
continued. Maoists known as Naxalites were mainly organized
in the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-M) and in minor
groups like the People's Liberation Front India (PLFI) and the
Triptiya Prastuti Committee (TPC). The groups operated primarily
in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh but
also in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha,
Telangana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh,
and Assam.
In the course of the year, 81 violent encounters between
security forces and militants took place in Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Bihar, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Telangana. In
total, security forces killed 82 militants, while Naxalites killed
45 security personnel. For instance, on April 10, a clash
between seven PLFI members and security forces left one
militant dead in Kunjla village, Khunti district, Jharkhand.
One day later, about 150 CPI-M militants attacked a group of
60 Chhattisgarh Special Task Force (STF) personnel close to
Pidmal village, Sukma district, Chhattisgarh. They killed seven
and injured eleven STF personnel, while security forces shot
dead up to 35 and injured 15 CPI-M members. In the night
of June 9 to 10, the police killed twelve CPI-M members in
a shootout in Palamu district, Jharkhand. The police claimed
that they had to shoot back after the Naxalites had opened
fire at a traffic check post.
Throughout the year, Naxalites killed 51 civilians in 69 incidents,
frequently accusing them of being police informers.
In one of those incidents, on January 5, a group of about 40
Naxalites beat two villagers to death in Kalimela, Malkangiri
district, Odisha. They left a poster appealing to the youth not
to cooperate with the police. On another occasion, on May
9, in Marenga village in Bastar district, Chhattisgarh, approx.
100 militants kidnapped about 250 villagers in an attempt to
thwart the construction of a bridge. The Naxalites later killed
the villager responsible for the construction and released the
other hostages. On July 12, around 30 alleged TPC militants
entered Bindi village, Koderma district, Jharkhand, and beat
up over 20 residents.
On March 24, the state government of Jharkhand raised the
reward money given to Naxalites who decided to surrender.
The next day, eight militants surrendered to the police. A total
of about 255 militants demobilized nationwide throughout
the year. ans
INDIA (NSCN FACTIONS ET AL. / NAGALAND)
Intensity: 3 | Change: | Start: 1947
Conflict parties:
Conflict items:
NSCN-K, NSCN-R, NSCN-IM, NSCN-KK,
NNC, NNC-NA, ZUF et al. vs. government
secession
The secession conflict between several militant Naga groups
and the government continued as a violent crisis. The groups
aimed for sovereignty of territories inhabited by the ethnic
Naga in Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh
states as well as border areas of neighboring Myanmar.
The Nagas were mainly organized in various factions of the
National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), namely the
NSCN Isaak Muivah (NSCN-IM), NSCN Khaplang (NSCN-K),
NSCN Khole-Khitovi (NSCN-KK), and the newly-formed NSCN
Reformation (NSCN-R). Other active militant groups were the
Zeliangrong United Front (ZUF), the Naga National Council
(NNC), and its Non-Accordist faction (NNC-NA).
After Myanmar-based NSCN-K ended its ceasefire with the
Indian government on March 27, members opposing the abrogation
split off and formed the NSCN-R on April 6. On April
27, the newly-formed faction signed a ceasefire agreement
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