AFGHANISTAN (TALIBAN ET AL.) January February March April May June July August September October November December NO VIOLENT CONFLICT MEASURES VIOLENT CRISIS LIMITED WAR WAR data: HIIK map: jok
ASIA AND OCEANIA Public School in Peshawar, KP. The plan also targeted the militants' finances and media presence. Meanwhile, the government upheld its military counterinsurgency strategy. On January 27, at least 70 militants were killed in two airstrikes in North Waziristan's Dattakhel area, FATA. Similar measures were taken during the rest of the year. After the government had launched intelligence-based operations supplementary to the ongoing ''Operation Zarbe-Azb'' in major cities like Karachi, Sindh, the air and ground ''Operation Khyber II'' mainly covering Tirah and adjoining valleys in Khyber Agency, FATA, was initiated in March. On March 13, PAF fighter jets targeted hideouts of TTP and LI in Tirah Valley, Khyber Agency, FATA, killing 48 militants. More than 150 militants and 50 security forces were killed and more than 190 militants and 180 security forces were injured in the following US-supported airstrikes until the operation's official termination on June 15. According to officials, many militants had retreated to neighboring areas and their crossing points to Afghanistan had been blocked. However, airstrikes continued for the rest of the year. On August 17, security forces killed more than 60 militants in airstrikes in North Waziristan and Khyber Agency, FATA. From August 18 to 29, more than hundred militants were killed by PAF aerial bombardments in Shawal Valley and Gharlamai area of North Waziristan. sak PAKISTAN (SUNNI MILITANTS RELIGIOUS GROUPS) Intensity: 3 | Change: | Start: 1985 Conflict parties: Conflict items: LeJ, Jundullah, TTP, JuA vs. religious minorities subnational predominance The violent crisis over subnational predominance between several Sunni militant organizations and various religious groups continued. The Sunni militant organizations Lashkare-Janghvi (LeJ), Jundullah, and Jamaat-ur-Ahrar (JuA) claimed responsibility for several attacks. Jundullah had pledged allegiance to the so-called Islamic State in November 2014 while JuA rejoined the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan on March 12 [→ Pakistan (inter-Islamist rivalry)]. Suicide attacks with explosives targeting places of worship were the most common sort of assault. In total, at least 216 people died and at least 307 were injured throughout the year. Main target of attacks were Shiites with four of their places of worship being attacked by Jundullah in January and February and two more attacks being carried out by the LeJ during the Shiite festivities of Muharram in October. Another two attacks by Jundullah and LeJ respectively targeted a bus carrying Ismaili Shiites in Karachi, Sindh state, on April 29, and a Shiite market in Kurram Agency, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, on December 13. At least five Shiite Hazaras were killed in Balochistan province throughout the year. On February 13, Jundullah attacked a Shiite mosque in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. A total of 21 people were killed and about 50 more injured. According the group's spokesperson, another attack at an Imambargah in Rawalpindi, Punjab province, on February 18, was carried out in revenge for the government's anti-terrorism efforts [→ Pakistan (Islamist militant groups)]. On June 7, alleged members of LeJ opened fire in Quetta, Balochistan, killing five members of the Shiite Hazara community. The attack prompted about 500 members of the community to protest in Quetta against the government's failure to protect them. At least eight similar attacks were carried out against members of the Hazara community in the city throughout the year. On October 20, the government deployed 16,000 soldiers and paramilitary personnel to protect Shiite festivities in the country. However, LeJ carried out two suicide attacks. The first attack in Bolan district, Balochistan, killed eleven people and injured another twelve on October 22. One day later, an attack against a Muharram procession in Jacobabad, Sindh, killed 27 people and injured at least 40 others. Thereafter, violent protests broke out in the city. One person died when the police and protesters exchanged gunfire. Other religious groups were targeted as well, with JuA attacking two Christian churches in March and at least five assaults on members of the Ahmadi community being reported throughout the year. On March 15, JuA carried out parallel suicide bombings against two Christian churches in Lahore, Punjab, killing at least 13 people and injuring more than 70. Subsequently, the situation escalated when two people suspected of being militants were beaten up and set on fire by church members. Violent protests against the attacks continued for the next two days, with up to 4,000 Christians demonstrating in the city. Protests by Christians were also observed in Karachi and other parts of the country on the day of the attacks. On March 17, the police used tear gas and batons against the protesters in Lahore and paramilitary forces were called in to regain control of the situation. eko PAKISTAN (TALIBAN TRIBES) Intensity: 3 | Change: | Start: 2001 Conflict parties: Conflict items: LI, TTP vs. tribal militias, various tribes system/ideology, subnational predominance The conflict over ideology and subnational predominance between Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Lashkar-e-Islam (LI), on the one hand, and tribal militias, also referred to as lashkar or peace committees, on the other, continued as a violent crisis. The conflict was primarily carried out in subdivisions of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KP), with FATA recording the highest number of incidents and deaths. In the course of the year, targeted attacks against tribal militias left at least 61 people dead. During a minimum of five clashes between tribal militias and militants, at least eleven people died and four were injured. In FATA, at least 54 lashkar members were killed and six injured in targeted attacks and bomb blasts. Tribal militias killed eight alleged Islamist militants. Most incidents took place in the agencies of Khyber and Bajaur. In early January, LI and members of the peace committee Tauheedul Islam (TUI) clashed in Khyber, leaving two TUI members dead. On February 8, LI members destroyed the compound of TUI in Tirah valley, Khyber, by detonating an IED, killing five lashkar members. In May, four explosions of IEDs in Bajaur, Khyber, and Mohmand Agency, killed at least eight and injured three tribal militia members. After having arrested three militants in July, TUI members publicly executed them at the end of August in the Bazaar Zakhakhel area of Khyber. In two separate incidents between September 7 and 9, LI abducted and subsequently killed twelve lashkar 155
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AUTHORS AND EDITORIAL BOARD EUROPE
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