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554 NUBA
Islam came to the Nogai Horde early in its history, with references to the
faith occurring as early as the sixteenth century. The close association of the
Nogai with the Turkic khanates of the Crimea and with the Ottoman sultans led
to a firm Sunni faith among them. Today, as the Nogai become increasingly
assimilated by the Russian culture which surrounds them, it seems doubtful that
Islam will long survive as a major element in Nogai society.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Allen, William Edward David, and Muratoff, Paul. Caucasian Battlefields. Cambridge:
The University Press, 1953.
Baddeley, John F. The Rugged Flanks of Caucasus. 2 vols. London: Oxford University
Press, 1942.
Benningsen, Alexandre. The Evolution of the Muslim Nationalities of the USSR and Their
Linguistic Problems. London: Central Asian Research Centre, 1961.
Geiger, Bernhard, et al. Peoples and Languages of the Caucasus. The Hague: Mouton,
1959.
Menges, Karl H. The Turkic Languages and Peoples. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz,
1968.
Nekrich, Aleksandr J. The Punished Peoples. New York: Norton, 1978.
Smirnov, N. A. Islam and Russia. London: Central Asian Research Centre, 1956.
Wurm, Stefan. Turkic Peoples of the USSR. London: Central Asian Research Centre,
1954.
Zenkovsky, Serge A. Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1960.
Larry W. Moses
NUBA The term "Nuba" refers to the approximately 800,000 to 1 million
non-Arab inhabitants of the more than 80 small hill communities in the Nuba
Mountains of Kordofan Province, Sudan. This term, known to everyone familiar
with the region and commonly used in government publications and censuses,
is not a term used by any specific local group, each of whom has its own term
for itself and acknowledges no necessary common kinship or political unity with
any other. There is no "Nuba" ethnic group.
"Nuba" actually has a varied history and should be distinguished from "Nubia,"
although some of the northernmost of the many languages of the Nuba
are indeed related to the languages of the Nubia of the Upper Nile Valley (see
Nubians). Culture histories, however, are much more difficult to specify, and it
is safest at the stage of current knowledge to discourage speculation on the
origins of the Nuba or their relationships elsewhere. Certainly there are relationships
to others in such elements as language and culture traits. But the
inhabitants of the hill communities themselves (as well as historians) have claims,