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660 SASAK
As early as 1602, the Spaniards in their campaigns against the Muslims (Moros)
noted that the Sangils were among the forces marshalled by the Sultan of Ternate
to aid the Mindanao Muslims. Subsequently there were reports of Sangils attacking
settlements in the Visayas in the company of Sulu Muslims and then of
Spanish operations against them in the 1620s.
Culturally, the Sangil retain some features of the culture of their Sangihe
origins, though their former home islands are now predominantly Christian. The
Sangil raise food crops and engage in fishing and boatbuilding.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Conklin, Harold C. "Preliminary Linguistic Survey of Mindanao." In Papers Read at
the Mindanao Conference. Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago, Department
of Anthropology, 1955.
LeBar, Frank M., ed. Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia. Vol. 2. New Haven:
Human Relations Area Files Press, 1975.
Articles
Gowing, Peter G. "The Growing List of Filipino Muslims Groups." Dansalan Research
Center Reports 2 (1975): 5-6.
. "The Sangil Moros." Dansalan Junior College Staff Gazette 19 (1979).
Peter G. Gowing
SASAK Between the Indonesian islands of Bali and Sumbawa lies the island
of Lombok, about 2,000 square miles in size and dominated along the north by
high mountain ranges culminating in the second highest volcano in the country,
Gunung Rinjani, 10,000 feet high. Lombok and Sumbawa comprise the province
of Nusa Tenggara Barat; its capital is Mataram on Lombok's west coast. The
Lombok Straits is one of the most important waterways in the world of petroleum
transportation. The Sasak, who number 2 million, form the major ethnic group
of the island.
Apart from the Sasak, Lombok is inhabited by Balinese, Sumbawanese, Makassarese
and some smaller groups of Chinese, Javanese and Arabs. Balinese and
Sumbawanese comprise about 71 percent of this non-Sasak population.
Lombok is drier than Bali and the islands to the west and has more precipitation
than Sumbawa and the islands to the east. The arid zones of the island are located
in both the north and the south. The western part gets rain even during the dry
season between May and July.
The fertile central plain running from east to west has the greatest population
concentration, while areas of the south and east are more sparsely populated.
The Sasak are primarily agarian, with the cultivation of irrigated rice the major