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SUNDANESE 727
order, also do, but saintliness is enhanced if it is inherited from both parents.
In practice, a fair number of men take brides from any Muslim category, except
barber. The matrilineal and peasant status of these Muslim communities around
Batticaloa and elsewhere on the east coast distinguish them from other Sri Lanka
Muslims.
Clarence Maloney
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Arasaratnam, S. Ceylon. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1964.
Kearney, Robert N. Communalism and Language in the Politics of Ceylon. Durham:
Duke University Press, 1967.
Leach, Edmund Ronald, ed. Aspects of Caste in South India, Ceylon and North-West
Pakistan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1960.
Nilam, A.R.M. Education—The Birthrite of Every Muslim Girl. Lahore, Pakistan: Mohd.
Ashraf Press, 1940.
Yalman, Nur. Under the Bo Tree: Studies in Caste, Kinship and Marriage in the Interior
of Ceylon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
Articles
Mauroof, Mohamed. "Aspects of Religion, Economy and Society Among the Muslims
of Sri Lanka." Contributions to Indian Sociology n.s. 6 (1971): 66-83.
McGilvray, Dennis. "Caste and Matrician Structure in Eastern Sri Lanka." Modern
Ceylon Studies 4:1 (1975).
Ramanathan, Hon. P. "On the Ethnology of the 'Moors' of Ceylon." Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society, Ceylon Branch 10:36 (IS
SUNDANESE Nearly 25 million Sundanese live in the western third of the
Indonesian island of Java. They call themselves Urang Sunda, and virtually all
consider themselves adherents of Islam. The only significant subgroup of whom
this is not true is the Badui, whose members follow pre-Islamic customs and
beliefs.
West Java, known as Sunda, traditionally is considered to extend westward
from the river Cipamali, although Indonesian anthropologist R. M. Koentjaraningrat
gives the rivers Citandui and Cidulang as the border. In any case, the
area between the Cidulang and the Cipamali can be considered as transitional,
both culturally and linguistically, between the Sundanese and the closely related
Javanese (see Javanese).
The Sundanese language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian language family.
Like Javanese, it reflects a strong hierarchical social organization through the
use of different levels of courtesy in the choice of lexical items. In speaking, a
Sundanese must assess whether the addressee is of higher, lower or equal social