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INDEX 933 Asia, Southwest, as a culture area, xxiv Asians: in East Africa, 54-63; in Uganda, 57 Askia, proclaims jihad, 548 Assad, Hafez, xxxiii Assamese, 58-63 Associations, young men's, 97 Assyrians, Christian, 447 Astori (language), 679 Asungor, 747, 752 Aswan High Dam, 559 Aswanik, 483, 545, 709-712, 794 Ataturk, Kemal, 811 Austronesian (language), 3, 119, 508 Avars, 211,417,420 Avicenna, 36, 838 Avoidance: child, 284, 321, 644; between husband and wife, 283; of inlaws, 60, 135, 267, 597; Muslims and Hindus, 392 Awan, 618 Ayorou, 707 Ay ran, 384 Aza, 771, 773. See Haddad Azer (language), 350, 417, 710 Azerbaijan, 211 Azeri, 64-73, 213 Azor, 483, 545, 709-712, 794 Baath party, xxxiv Babile, 591 Babur, 834 Bacan, 780 Badakshi. See Appendix 2 Badghisi, 17 Baganda, 271-277, 696 Bagirmi, 109 Baguirmi, 109 Bahai, xxxiv Bahasa Indonesia (language), 3, 127 Bahawalpuri (language), 617 Bajau, 75-81, 169, 437, 476, 654 Bak (language), 228 Bakhtiari, 81-84, 447 Balabac Island, 31 Balente. See Appendix 2 Balinese, 661 Balkans, 174; Islamization in, 173-174 Balkar, 84-86, 380 Balti (language), 680 Baltis, 86-91 Baluch, 91-97, 685; and Jats, 358 Baluchi (language), 92 Bamana (language), 98 Bamba, Ahmadou, 859 Bambara, 97-101, 482, 664 Bamun. See Appendix 2 Bani Hassan, 544 Banjarese-Kutanese. See Appendix 2 Bantoid. See Appendix 2 Bantu, Central (language), 576 Bantu: Central Tanzanian, 101-103; Interlacustrine, 578; language, 108; Northeast, 103-107, 732 Bantu-speaking peoples, 107-109, 695 Baoans, 167-169 Bara, 48, 415-417 Baraka, xxxi, 148, 442, 794, 850 Barelvi, 587 Bargu. See Appendix 2 Baria. See Appendix 2 Bariba, 122-126, 536 Barka. See Appendix 2 Barma, 109-113, 692 Barrett, David B., xxxix Basa Ugi (language), 183 Bashgird, 113-117, 759 Bashkir, 113-117, 759 Basilan, 863 Basmachi, 408, 419, 806 Basmachi, 842 Basoga, 695-699 Bassari, 536 Basseri. See Appendix 2 Batak, 3, 117-122, 277, 474, 728 Batin, 7, 730 Batinese, 473 Batombu, 122-126, 536 Batonun, 122-126, 536 Battuta, 233, 724 Bavi, 449 Bawasiyya, 726 Baweanese, 126-130 Baya, 286-290 Bazaaris (Iran), 606 Bazargan, Mehdi, 69
934 Bedouin, 37-39 Bedras, 468 Beekeeping, as traditional occupation, 114 Begmatova, Sahin, 410 Bego, 219 Behmei, 449 Beja, 130-137, 146 Beke. See Daju Bektashiyya, xxxv, 24, 613 Belen, 162-167 Bello, Ahmadu, 645 Bengali (language), 138 Bengalis, 137-143; in Assam, 59, 62, 137 Beni Amer, 131, 143-146, 788 Beni Kanz, 561 Benue-Congo (language), 369 Benue-Kwa (language), 565 Benue-Plateau (language), 282 Berbers, 146-154 Beri, 154-158 Barraber, 148 Berti, 158-162, 504, 691 Besemah, 473, 583 Bessarabia, 820 Bhaniyya, xxxv Bhattis, 685 Bhuttos, 685 Biafada. See Appendix 2 Bideyat, 154, 771 Biharis, 827 Bilala. See Appendix 2 Bilalians: and Bilal, 32; in United States, 32 Bilia, 154 Bilin, 162-167 Bimanese, 476 Biraderi, 618, 686 Birifor, 539 Biriwa, 442 Bisa, 482 Bisharin, 131 Black Muslims, 29 Blacks, American, 27-35 Blacksmiths: despised, 309; important, 444 INDEX Blood money (indemnity), 465, 572, 693, 701, 747 Bobo-Dyula, 666 Bogomils, 173, 613 Bogos, 162 Bohras, xxxiii, 224, 468, 517, 587, 685, 724, 824; Daudi, 56, 295, 342, 431; in East Africa, 54; Sulaimani, 56 Bolaang, Mongondo, 474 Bonans, 167-169 Bondei, 105 Bonerate, 169-172 Bora fatta, 265 Bora Mabang (language), 454 Boran, 591 Bori, 676 Bori (cult), 322 Bornu, 415 Borogat, 154 Bororo'en, 257 Bosnians, 172-177 Boyanese, 126 Boyr Ahmad, 449 Boza, 482 Brahui, 177-180 Brideprice, xxxvi Brideservice, 282, 370, 675; and Muslim Shangawa, 675 Bridewealth, xxxvi Broksat (language), 68 Brooke, James, 511 Brotherhoods, Sufi, xxxv Buddhists, 784 Buddress, Georg, 683 Budella, Shaikh Said, 302 Buduma, 180-183, 429 Buffalo, as basis of economy, 301 Buganda, 272 Bugis, 169, 183-187, 471, 790, 851 Bukhara, 834 Bulgar (language), 801 Bulgarians, 612 Bullom. See Appendix II Bullracing, as precursor to bullfighting, 460 Burhaniyya, 43 Burial: Gorontalese, 292; Shangawa, 677; Sindhi, 688 1^
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m^mt
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Muslim Peoples
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,*0W
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Partap C. Aggarwal SHRI RAM CENTER
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CONTRIBUTORS Vll Robert L. Hardgrav
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CONTRIBUTORS IX Abdi A. Sheik-Abdi
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Volume 1 CONTENTS Preface xix Intro
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CONTENTS xiii Fulani 257 Funj 261 F
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CONTENTS XV Mossi 546 Nogai 553 Nub
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CONTENTS XV11 Yoruba 872 Yoruk 876
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20° E 500 Km EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
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UJ o O jQ "" O CD £ _ Q o - O w C
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Muslim Peoples
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454 MABA the centuries have adopted
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456 MABA division of the village po
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458 MADURESE Works, John A. "Wither
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460 MADURESE she conducts the selam
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462 MAGUINDANAO leader. Medeldeling
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464 MAGUINDANAO warriors (see Sama)
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466 MAGUINDANAO which in recent yea
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468 MAHARASHTRIANS from north India
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470 MAKASSARESE bration of marriage
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472 MALAYO-POLYNESIAN-SPEAKING PEOP
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478 MALAYS century, and even into t
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480 MALAYS . The Malays: Their Prob
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482 MANDING-SPEAKING PEOPLES used w
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484 MANDING-SPEAKING PEOPLES Mali p
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486 MANDINKA Article Dieterlen, G.
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488 MANDINKA over social and religi
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490 MANDINKA for their abilities to
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492 MAPPILLA In Conflict and Harmon
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494 MAPPILLA The mosques of Kerala
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496 MARANAO pinos and foreign colon
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498 MARANAO returned to teach in lo
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500 MASALIT The Masalit, and a grou
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502 MASALIT wife's mother still exp
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504 MEIDOB Kapteijns, L. "The Emerg
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506 MEIDOB time, when political and
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508 MELANAU Articles Lampen, G. D.
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510 MELANAU category of his father.
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512 MELANAU officers and religious
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514 MENDE of peak labor input by co
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516 MENDE BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Abraha
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518 MEOS ancient raga traditions of
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520 MEOS Muslim manner, but most of
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522 MIMA-MIMI Historians have not i
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524 MINANGKABAU important character
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526 MINANGKABAU return, they are tr
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528 MOGHOLS . "Some Notes on the Ta
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530 MOGHOLS of their neighbors to t
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532 MOLBOG water." Tradition says t
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534 MOLBOG builds its own house, us
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536 MOLE-DAGBANE-SPEAKING PEOPLES A
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538 MOLE-DAGBANE-SPEAKING PEOPLES c
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540 MOLE-DAGBANE-SPEAKING PEOPLES S
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542 States: Dagomba Books MOLE-DAGB
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544 MOORS . "Migration and Tribal I
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546 MOSSI similar characteristics.
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548 MOSSI is red with laterite. Dai
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550 MOSSI exposes individuals to th
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552 MOSSI Tarr, Delbert Howard. "In
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554 NUBA Islam came to the Nogai Ho
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556 NUBA had distinct political dev
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558 NUBA the kujur, who were often
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560 NUBIANS Historically, the Nubia
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562 NUBIANS pronounced in this area
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564 NUBIANS . La Nubia Medioevale.
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566 NUPE language of these classes,
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568 NUPE from this era as well. Cer
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570 NURISTANIS "Land of Infidels,"
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572 NURISTANIS symbolized in instit
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574 NYAMWEZI to a Communist Afghani
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576 NYAMWEZI ucation which requires
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578 NYANKOLE Finucane, J. R. Rural
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580 NYANKOLE government service tha
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582 NYANKOLE Ganda). These factions
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584 OGAN-BESEMAH Present provincial
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586 ORISSANS is an occasion for the
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588 ORISSANS feeding is not possibl
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590 OROMO ship among girls is commo
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592 OROMO educated Oromo. It is iro
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594 OROMO Although there are so man
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596 OSSETIANS Hultin, J. "Social St
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598 OSSETIANS such as the transfer
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PASHAI 601 temporary Pashai mountai
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PASHAI 603 at present modern small
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*X?ri PERSIANS 605 Iran and Afghani
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*J&r* PERSIANS 607 urban social sys
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K&r • PERSIANS 609 trend among th
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PERSIANS 611 Coon, Carleton S. Cara
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*3Zr^ POMAKS 613 forced to convert
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POMAKS 615 closing the the Greek bo
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i-V i-_ T~- £ V. ~£„ i^ftrr* PU
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PUNJABIS 619 village may be dominat
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PUNJABIS 621 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Ahm
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PUSHTUN 623 or herdsmen. They raise
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PUSHTUN 625 Idle young men in villa
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~ftrrr=^-r^j- PUSHTUN 627 of 1979 a
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PUSHTUN 629 Howell, Evelyn. Mizh: A
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*?r- Q QASHQA'I The Qashqa'i, one o
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*/" QASHQA'I 633 alism and urban wa
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^r- QASHQA'I 635 Shiraz to make or
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^M" QIZILBASH 637 Duncan, David Dou
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QIZILBASH 639 Afghan Khorasan and B
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QIZILBASH 641 constantly felt waves
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R RESHAWA They call themselves Resh
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RESHAWA 645 refrains from praying a
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s SADAMA The Ethiopian people who r
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SADAMA 649 be chronologically old,
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gjv 1 SADAMA 651 minor spirit being
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SALARS 653 by Mahmud al Kashgari an
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SAMA 655 derive from a migration in
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SAMA 657 munities may contain two o
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SANGIL 659 Pallesen, Kemp. "Recipro
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JJE^l SASAK 661 occupation. In the
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SASAK 663 The religious organizatio
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SENUFO 665 cifically applied to the
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SENUFO 667 some of the reasons stat
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SERER 669 the most vigorously. Both
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SHAHSEVAN 671 sevan differ from oth
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SHAHSEVAN 673 The Iranian New Year
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SHANGAWA 675 sixteenth century a Mo
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SHANGAWA 677 A corpse is buried wit
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- J»_-y jr.^y -7 v> SHINA-SPEAKING
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• *•-- *„- ;—-TV.. SHINA-SP
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SHINA-SPEAKING PEOPLES 683 about th
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SINDHIS 685 Approximately 93 percen
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SINDHIS 687 for the family's affair
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SINDHIS 689 Crops grown include whe
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SINYAR 691 the east by the Fur and
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SINYAR 693 Masalit Native Administr
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SOGA 695 Articles Doornbos, Paul. "
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SOGA 697 administration but also in
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SOMALIS 699 activities produce meag
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SOMALIS 701 conflict. Two cases in
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SOMALIS 703 Success," a philosophic
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SONGHAY 705 Luling, Virginia. "Soma
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SONGHAY 707 communities of Songhay
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SONINKE 709 such sites, drawing the
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SONINKE 711 cleric is elected for l
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soso 713 of Soso settlements came t
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soso 715 future husband gives prese
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^i soso 717 In the more orthodox se
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SOUTH AFRICANS 719 terms designed t
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SOUTH AFRICANS 721 eroded, partly b
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SRI LANKANS 723 Desai, B., and Marn
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SRI LANKANS 725 There is considerab
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SUNDANESE 727 order, also do, but s
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SUNDANESE 729 the defeat of the Sum
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yp> SUNDANESE 731 BIBLIOGRAPHY Book
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SWAHILI 733 with the Persian Gulf.
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SWAHILI 733 with the Persian Gulf.
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SWAHILI 735 public, worn over eithe
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SWAHILI 737 Lienhardt, Peter. "Cont
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w T TAJIK The Tajik of Central Asia
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^^ TAJIK 741 creep up the walls unt
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TAJIK 743 mothers are walking encyc
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TAMA-SPEAKING PEOPLES 745 Slobin, M
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TAMA-SPEAKING PEOPLES 747 Masalit b
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wr TAMA-SPEAKING PEOPLES 749 of Tam
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W" TAMA-SPEAKING PEOPLES 751 centur
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TAMA-SPEAKING PEOPLES 753 Shali and
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TAQALI 755 Small villages dot the p
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TAQALI 757 Both men and women farm,
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TATARS 759 called themselves Turks,
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TATARS 761 substantial private prop
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TATARS 763 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Allwo
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TAUSUG 765 contain Islam in the sou
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TAUSUG 767 they may reside with the
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TAUSUG 769 (and Samal) society. Man
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TEBU 771 therefore, the people of T
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TEBU 773 basic difference in social
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TEMNE 775 kola, enter the market as
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TEMNE 777 schools. In general the i
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TERNATAN-TIDORESE 779 Gamble, David
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TERNATAN-TIDORESE 781 system of ann
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w* THAIS 783 of having a great deal
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THAIS 785 property indefinitely. Th
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THAIS 787 Pattani. All stress the g
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TOMINI 789 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Bauer
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V" TOMINI 791 shift from matrilater
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TUKULOR 793 ernment cooperatives fo
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TUKULOR 795 The middle class, rimbe
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TUNJUR 797 leaves open the question
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TURKIC-SPEAKING PEOPLES 799 both in
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TURKIC-SPEAKING PEOPLES 801 In the
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TURKIC-SPEAKING PEOPLES 803 main la
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TURKMEN 805 An alternative spelling
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TURKMEN 807 lived only in tents and
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TURKMEN 809 Nurture? AAAS Selected
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TURKS, ANATOLIAN 811 veloped, and f
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("^ TURKS, ANATOLIAN 813 Enthusiasm
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TURKS, ANATOLIAN 815 depended on th
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TURKS, ANATOLIAN 817 , and Tumertek
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TURKS, RUMELIAN 819 Contact on Trad
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TURKS, RUMELIAN 821 territories, fo
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u URDU-SPEAKING PEOPLES The Urdu-sp
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URDU-SPEAKING PEOPLES 825 gamous (a
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V" URDU-SPEAKING PEOPLES 827 are kn
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URDU-SPEAKING PEOPLES 829 and Socia
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UYGUR 831 on either side of the Bog
Page 416 and 417:
UZBEK 833 Pickens, Claude L., Jr. A
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UZBEK 835 a modernization program w
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UZBEK 837 In pre-revolutionary Tran
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UZBEK (AFGHANISTAN) 839 Uzbek commu
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UZBEK (AFGHANISTAN) 841 frame. Felt
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UZBEK (AFGHANISTAN) 843 Schurmann,
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846 VAI activities. Chattel slaves
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I5«
Page 433 and 434:
850 WANA very sense of being a "peo
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852 WAYTO for themselves a religion
Page 437 and 438:
854 WAYTO mechanism around the Wayt
Page 439 and 440:
856 WOLOF Murdock, George P. Africa
Page 441 and 442:
858 WOLOF one wife; it is generally
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860 WOLOF and so on—place themsel
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Y YAKAN The Yakan are one of the Mu
Page 448 and 449:
YAKAN 865 always belong to her. Inh
Page 450 and 451:
YALUNKA 867 Sporadic relations with
Page 452 and 453:
YALUNKA 869 of any size contains at
Page 454 and 455:
YAO 871 married matrilocally, the h
Page 456 and 457:
YORUBA 873 Recent interpretations o
Page 458 and 459:
YORUBA 875 favoring Islam. Further,
Page 460 and 461:
YORUK 877 (Izmir) provinces still c
Page 462:
YORUK 879 . The Yoruk of Southeaste
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Page 493 and 494: a z J a 2 1 ft. a s o u U fad J -S
Page 496 and 497: APPENDIX 2. MUSLIMS AND THEIR ETHNI
Page 498 and 499: Ethnic Group •Beri •Berti Besem
Page 500 and 501: Ethnic Group •Fongoro Fra-Fra; se
Page 502 and 503: Ethnic Group Kathmandu Valley (Sout
Page 504 and 505: Ethnic Group •Masalat-Masalit Mas
Page 506 and 507: Ethnic Group Plateau Chadic Pogoro
Page 508 and 509: Ethnic Group •Sundanese "Susu"; s
Page 510: Ethnic Group Zaghawa (Beri) Zaramo
Page 513 and 514: Ethnic Group Hazaras Soninke Tamil
Page 515: 932 INDEX Ahmadiyas, xxxiv, 341, 49
Page 519 and 520: 936 INDEX Cotabato, 462 Cousin, as
Page 521 and 522: 938 Fundamentalism, religious, xxxv
Page 523 and 524: 940 INDEX Indo-Mauritians, 341-343
Page 525 and 526: 942 INDEX Kinyaturu (language), 101
Page 527 and 528: 944 INDEX Mallam, mallamai, xxxi; a
Page 529 and 530: 946 INDEX Naming, importance of, 41
Page 531 and 532: 948 INDEX Qashqa'i, Khosrow Khan, 6
Page 533 and 534: 950 INDEX Shipbuilding, in south Su
Page 535 and 536: 952 INDEX Traores, 665 Tregami, 571
Page 537: About the Editor RICHARD V. WEEKES
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