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MABA 457<br />

Chad in 1965, and then rapidly spread to the north and east including Wadai.<br />

Motives are complex. To the general resentment of northern Muslims towards<br />

a southern-dominated government must be added opposition to the corruption<br />

of traditional chiefs and government bureaucrats, sectionalism and Islamic resurgence.<br />

The conflict has been obscured by political rivalry, banditry and the<br />

changing foreign patrons of various factions. Maba participation was initially<br />

limited to emigres in the Sudan who formed the Chadian Liberation Front (FLT),<br />

but the call for Muslim solidarity has appealed to more and more Maba. In the<br />

first months of 1982, Abeche became the center for Hissene Habre's forces,<br />

who have subsequently established tenuous control over the northern two-thirds<br />

of the country. Today, the Maba's destiny in the war-torn country remains<br />

unclear.<br />

BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />

<strong>Books</strong><br />

Decalo, Samuel. Historical Dictionary of Chad. London: Scarecrow Press, 1977.<br />

Fisher, Humphrey J., and Fisher, Allan G. B. Slavery and Muslim Society in Africa.<br />

London: C. Hurst, 1970.<br />

Lapie, Pierre Oliver. My Travels Through Chad, translated by Leslie Bull. London: John<br />

Murray, 1943.<br />

Nachtigal, Gustav. Sahara and Sudan, vol. 4, Wadai and Darfur, translated with an<br />

introduction by Allen G. B. Fisher and Humphrey J. Fisher. Berkeley: University<br />

of California, 1971.<br />

Nelson, Harold D., ed. Area Handbook for Chad. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing<br />

Office, 1972.<br />

Thomason, Virginia M., and Adlook, Richard. The Emerging States of French Equatorial<br />

Africa. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960.<br />

Works, John A. Pilgrims in a Strange Land, Hausa Communities of Chad. New York:<br />

Columbia University Press, 1976.<br />

Article<br />

Decalo, Samuel. "Chad, the Roots of Centre-Periphery Strife." African Affairs 79:317<br />

(1980): 490-509.<br />

Unpublished Manuscripts<br />

Lemarchand, Rene. "Chad: Background to Conflict." Paper presented to the Colloquium<br />

on Chad, Department of State, Washington, D.C., October 1979.

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