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872 YORUBA
Leslie, J.A.K. A Survey of Dar Es Salaam. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
Mitchell, J. Clyde. "The Yao of Southern Nyasaland." In Seven Tribes of British Central
Africa, edited by E. Colson and M. Gluckman. London: Oxford University Press,
1951.
. The Yao Village. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1956.
Murdock, George P. Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History. New York: McGraw-
Hill, 1959.
Oliver, R. "Discernible Developments in the Interior." In History of East Africa, edited
by R. Oliver and G. Matthew. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.
Smith, Alison. ' 'The Southern Section of the Interior.'' In History of East Africa, edited
by R. Oliver and G. Matthew. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.
Tew, Mary. Peoples of the Lake Nyasa Region. London: Oxford University Press for
International African Institute, 1950.
Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in East Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.
Articles
Kanawire, J.A.K. "Village Segmentalism and Class Formation in S. Malawi." Africa
50:2 (1950): 125-145.
Lamburn, R.G.P. "Some Notes on the Yao." Tanganyika Notes and Records 29 (1950):
73-84.
Mitchell, J. Clyde. "Marriage, Matriliny and Social Structure Among the Yao of Southern
Nyasaland." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 3:1 (1962): 29-42.
Rangely, W.H.J. "The Yao." Nyasaland Journal 15:1 (1963): 7-27.
James L. Brain
YORUBA The term "Yoruba" is used to identify a people having, with considerable
dialectic variation, a common language (of the Kwa group of the Niger-
Congo family) and a common culture, which is remarkably persistent in spite
of great political, geographical and religious differences that have arisen over
the past three centuries. The language and culture are found as far from their
West African origin as Brazil and Cuba, while substantial Yoruba communities
are found in most West African states, especially in Sierra Leone and Ghana
(230,000). The greatest number, probably over 17 million, are in southwestern
Nigeria, adjacent areas of Benin and beyond in Togo. Nearly one-half are Muslim,
largely Sunni.
Yoruba constitute virtually the entire populations of the Nigerian states of
Ogun, Ondo and Oyo, as well as the great majority of Lagos State, the Uorin
area of Kwara State up almost to Jebba and south and east as well. A few Ondo
Yoruba live in Bendel State, and others are in trade or government throughout
Nigeria. Until recently, only the Oyo were identified as Yoruba proper, other
communities being identified by name with their royal cities. The dialects of
Ondo and Ekiti are strikingly different from Oyo, and while gross cultural
differences are very few, there exist a great many cultural peculiarities which
clearly differentiate, for example, Ife, Ijebu, Ijesa, Ekiti and Ondo from each
other and from Oyo.
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