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THAIS 787
Pattani. All stress the grandeur of the independent Malay states, the teaching of
Malay as opposed to Thai and the need for more local autonomy from the Thai
government in Bangkok.
Most recently there has been the development of what is known as dakwah
(Arabic for "call to duty") movements, which are similar to those in Malaysia,
Indonesia, Pakistan and the Middle East. They represent the young generation
of Muslims in Thailand who are attempting to bring about fundamental changes
in the form of Islamic practices and institutions. Though much like earlier reformist
movements, the new dakwah are more self-consciously based on worldwide
trends in the Muslim world. The dakwah are likely to be the key elements
in generating political and religious change for Muslims in Thailand in the future.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Ibrahim, Muhammad ibn. The Ship of Sulaiman. Translated by John O'Kane. Persian
Heritage Series No. 11. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972.
Teeuw, A., and Wyatt, David. Hikayat Patani: The Story ofPatani. Vols. 1 and 2. The
Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1970.
Articles
Burr, Angel. "Group Ideology, Consciousness and Social Problems: A Study of Buddhist
and Muslim Conception of Sin in Two Southern Thai Coastal Villages.'' Anthropos
72 (1977): 433^146.
. "Religious Institutional Diversity: Social Structural and Conceptual Unity: Islam
and Buddhism in a Southern Coastal Fishing Village.'' Journal of the Siam Society
60(1972): 183-215.
Haemindra, Nantawan. "The Problems of the Thai Muslims in the Four Southern Provinces
of Thailand." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 7:2 (1976): 197-225, and
8:1 (1977): 85-105.
Scupin, Raymond. "Islam in Thailand Before the Bangkok Period." Journal of the Siam
Society 68:1 (1980): 55-71.
. "Islamic Reformism in Thailand." Journal of the Siam Society 68:2 (1980): 1-
10.
. "The Politics of Islamic Reformism in Thailand." Asian Survey 20:12 (1980):
1223-1235.
Thomas, Ladd. "Bureaucratic Attitudes and Behavior as Obstacles to Political Integration
of Thai Muslims." Southeast Asia: An International Quarterly 3:1 (1974): 545-
566.