(VCCEP) Tier 1 Pilot Submission for BENZENE - Tera

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Table 7.8: ADDs for Non-School or Non-Work Day Exposure to Benzene in Ambient Air Exposure Parameter Units
Table 7.9: Total ADDs for Exposure to Benzene in Ambient Air (mg/kg-day) Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006 108 16 to
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Voluntary Children’s Chemical Eva
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6.1.2 Types of Adverse Health Effec
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Glossary of Terms μg Microgram AA
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STEL Short-Term Exposure Limit TEAM
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enzene induced pancytopenias can pr
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A fertility study in female rats ex
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estimate is very conservative both
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2.0 BASIS FOR INCLUSION OF BENZENE
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2.5 Air Monitoring Data Several of
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Table 3.1: Proposed Benzene AEGL Va
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4.0 Regulatory Overview This sectio
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passenger vehicles operated at cold
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Benzene has been designated a hazar
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products had ceased” [46 Fed. Reg
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5.0 CHEMICAL OVERVIEW This section
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Table 5.3: Environmental Fate and T
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general, the production rate is abo
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gasoline. Aromatic hydrocarbons, su
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The EPA Office of Air Quality Plann
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Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
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Table 5.11: Benzene Releases for Al
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6.1.2.2 Chronic Toxicity Toxicity a
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6.1.2.2e Other Hematopoietic Malign
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that transient, high peak exposures
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absorption compared to inhalation,
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increased risk of disease. It shoul
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The National Cancer Institute (NCI)
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exposure. This was also supported b
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follow-up of this same cohort, Wong
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development of MDS)and/or AML. It i
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quantification of benzene air conce
Page 63 and 64: 4.0, 95% CI = 1.8-9.3) but not ALL
Page 65 and 66: 6.2 Benzene Toxicology—Animal Haz
Page 67 and 68: eakage and loss was comparable whet
Page 69 and 70: Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
Page 71 and 72: Table 6.2: In Vivo Genotoxicity of
Page 73 and 74: Table 6.2 Continued: In Vivo Genoto
Page 75 and 76: 6.2.2.3 Transplacental Genotoxicity
Page 77 and 78: induce solid tumors in animals in t
Page 79 and 80: mice in the 300-ppm group had bilat
Page 81 and 82: decreases in maternal weight gain,
Page 87 and 88: increased resorptions. The effects
Page 89 and 90: proposed that transplacental effect
Page 91 and 92: glycerol lysis time, and incidence
Page 93 and 94: 6.2.5.2 Chronic Toxicity Repeat-dos
Page 95 and 96: LOAELs for carcinogenic effects in
Page 97 and 98: the measurements of doses are suspe
Page 99 and 100: intracellular pathogen, Listeria mo
Page 101 and 102: 2. Evidence indicates that myelotox
Page 103 and 104: 7.0 Exposure Assessments This secti
Page 105 and 106: throughout childhood, see Table 7.1
Page 107 and 108: 7.2 Sources of Benzene Exposure Chi
Page 109 and 110: Table 7.3: Outdoor Ambient Air Benz
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.5: County-Wide 24-hour Ambi
Page 113: Age-specific benzene intakes are pr
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.10 (cont.) Study Location a
Page 119 and 120: Table 7.11: Summary of Benzene Meas
Page 121 and 122: factor change attributable to benze
Page 123 and 124: where: ADD = average daily dose (mg
Page 125 and 126: Table 7.16: Total ADDS from In-Home
Page 127 and 128: Table 7.18: Summary of Age-Specific
Page 129 and 130: Table 7.20: Summary Statistics for
Page 135 and 136: In-Vehicle Exposures In-vehicle exp
Page 137 and 138: Table 7.30: Average of Mean In-Vehi
Page 139 and 140: e similar to those in other U.S. st
Page 141 and 142: vehicle); the total amount of time
Page 143 and 144: use of small non-road engine equipm
Page 145 and 146: Children may be exposed to benzene
Page 147 and 148: Table 7.36: Typical School Year Wee
Page 149 and 150: An addition of less than 1 µg/m 3
Page 151 and 152: In the mid-1990s, the American Petr
Page 153 and 154: Table 7.44: Dermal Benzene Absorpti
Page 155 and 156: Table 7.47: Product Names and Manuf
Page 157 and 158: Table 7.49: Summary of Age-Specific
Page 159 and 160: For children and non-smoking adults
Page 161 and 162: Benzene Exposure (mg/kg-day) Figure
Page 163 and 164: ackground pathways of exposure, inc
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8.1.3 EPA Default Risk Assessment N
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8.2.1 Potential for Increased Sensi
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These findings illustrate examples
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information associated with benzene
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species are more sensitive than oth
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8.2.3.1 Point of Departure for Non-
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Cancer risks were calculated using
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NONCANCER HAZARD QUOTIENT 1.00 0.09
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Table 8.1. Derivation of noncancer
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Table 8.3. Points of departure for
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Table 8.4. (cont.) Noncancer Hazard
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Table 8.5. Noncancer hazard quotien
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Table 8.6. Cancer risk estimates as
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Table 8.7. Indoor air comparison (i
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Table 8.9. Noncancer margins of saf
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Table 8.10. Noncancer margins of sa
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Table 8.11. Indoor air comparison (
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Table 8.13. (cont.) Notes: Cancer M
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the continental U.S. for each leuke
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in significant reductions in benzen
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Aksoy M (1977) Leukemia in workers
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Austin, C.C., Wang, D., Ecobichon,
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Buckley, J.D., Ribison, L.L., Swoti
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CONCAWE. 1996. Scientific basis for
Page 213 and 214:
Ding, X-J, Li, Y., Ding, Y. el al.
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Forni, A. 1994. Comparison of chrom
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Goldwater LJ (1941) Disturbances in
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Hsieh, G.C., Parker, R.D., and Shar
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Jo, W.K. and Park, K.H. 1998. Expos
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Lange, A., Smolik, R., Zatonski, W.
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Lynge E, Andersen A, Nilsson R, Bar
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Meadows, A., Obringer, A. M. O., Ba
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Nedelcheva V, Gut I, Soucek P, Tich
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Picciani, D. 1979. Cytogenetic stud
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Ross D, Siegel D, Gibson NW, Pachec
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Sathiakumar, N., Delzell, E., Cole,
Page 237 and 238:
Smith, M. T., Zhang, L. P., Wang, Y
Page 239 and 240:
Thomas, K.W., Pellizzari, E.D., Cla
Page 241 and 242:
United States Environmental Protect
Page 243 and 244:
URS. 2002. Air Quality Trend in the
Page 245 and 246:
Weisel, C.P. 2002. Assessing exposu
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Xing, S.G., Shi, X., Wu, Z.L., Chen
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(VCCEP) Tier 1 Pilot Submission for BENZENE - Tera

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