(VCCEP) Tier 1 Pilot Submission for BENZENE - Tera

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Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006 Table 7.45: Summary of ADDs from Occupational Benzene Exposure Exposure Parameter Units 7.2.4 Consumer Products Female Worker Typical 147 Female Worker High-end Male Worker Typical Male Worker High-End C mg/m 3 0.35 1.22 0.35 1.22 ET h/d 8 8 8 8 EF d/y 250 250 250 20 ED Years 17 17 17 17 IR m 3 /h 0.47 0.47 0.63 0.63 AT D 6205 6205 6205 6205 BW Kg 62.4 62.4 76.3 76.3 ABSi Unitless 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Dose (ADD) mg/kg-d 7.24E-03 2.6E-02 7.94E-03 2.81E-02 As discussed in Section 4.3, the CPSC determined that by the late 1970’s, benzene had been phased out of consumer products intended for use in the home (CPSC, 1978, 1980; NTP, 2002). In deciding to withdraw a proposed ban of benzene in consumer products, the CPSC also determined that trace amounts of benzene are not likely to result in significant exposure to benzene vapor (NTP, 2002). The only consumer product which contains benzene in percent quantities is gasoline and exposures to gasoline in various scenarios have been evaluated (i.e., in-vehicle, refueling, small, non-road engine). A consumer product study conducted by EPA (Sack and Steele, 1991) identified several products containing benzene. In this study, 1,159 consumer products from 65 product categories were analyzed for VOC content by GC/MS with a detection limit of 0.1% by weight. Of the 63 product categories tested, four product categories were identified that contained greater than 0.1% benzene and are listed on Table 7.46. Table 7.46: Summary of Benzene Consumer Product Weight Contents Quantified by Sack and Steele (1991) Greater than 0.1% by Weight Product Category % by weight* silicone lubricant 0.1 – 0.25 carburetor and choke cleaner 0.25 – 0.75 gasket adhesives/removers 0.25 – 0.75 spot remover 0.25 – 0.75 * Product categories were placed in weight ranges based on the average of the test results for individual products. Weight percents were calculated by excluding those products where benzene was not detected. Because the Sack and Steele study is somewhat dated (i.e., 1991) benzene composition for each of the products was verified with current material safety data sheets (MSDS). Tables 7.47 and 7.48 show the product categories and representative products that Sack and Steele identified as containing greater than 0.1% benzene. When the benzene contents of these products were verified using the actual product MSDSs, it was found that all benzene contents were less than 0.1% and that benzene was not listed as an ingredient on any MSDS.
Table 7.47: Product Names and Manufacturers for Data Presented in Table 7.50 Product ID Name MSDS Date Company 061 Engine Spot Remover Dec-93 L&F Products 062 Pyratex Spot Remover Jun-92 Street R R and Co Inc 063 Spotcheck Cleaner/Remover May-99 Illinois Tool Work Inc Magnaflux Div 064 Incredible Spot and Stain Remover Feb-95 Rite-Kem Inc 065 Lift (Spot/Stain & Odor Remover) Jan-94 Chempace Corp 251 Carb and Choke Cleaner Jul-97 Permatex Industrial Corp 252 3M Choke and Carb Cleaner Jan-01 Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing 253 STP Carb Spray Cleaner Dec-97 First Brands Corp 254 Pyroil Carb & Choke Cleaner May-00 Valvoline Oil Co 255 Gunk Carb Medic Feb-99 Radiator Specialty Company 401 Heavy Duty Silicone Aug-99 CRC Industries, Inc 402 All Purpose Silicone Aug-98 Sherwin Williams Diversified Brands 403 Silicone Lube Mar-96 Krylon Div of Sherwin Williams 404 3M Silicone Lubricant Jul-93 Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing 405 Silicone Lubricating Grease Feb-93 GE Silicones 521 Permatex High Tack Sealant Dec-00 Permatex, Inc 522 Permatex Right Stuff Gasket Maker Mar-02 Permatex, Inc 523 Gasket Remover Mar-99 Imperial, Inc 524 Permatex Ultra Blue Mar-02 Permatex, Inc 525 Gasket Remover Aerosol Mar-99 CRC Industries, Inc Table 7.48: Benzene Content of Consumer Products Based on MSDS Sheets and Benzene Containing Product Categories Identified by Sack and Steele (1991) Product Category Spot Remover Carburetor and Choke Cleaner Product ID Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006 Content (%) a Product ID Content (%) a Product ID 148 Content (%) a Product ID Content (%) a Product ID Content (%) a 061
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Voluntary Children’s Chemical Eva
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6.1.2 Types of Adverse Health Effec
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Glossary of Terms μg Microgram AA
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STEL Short-Term Exposure Limit TEAM
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enzene induced pancytopenias can pr
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A fertility study in female rats ex
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estimate is very conservative both
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2.0 BASIS FOR INCLUSION OF BENZENE
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2.5 Air Monitoring Data Several of
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Table 3.1: Proposed Benzene AEGL Va
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4.0 Regulatory Overview This sectio
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passenger vehicles operated at cold
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Benzene has been designated a hazar
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products had ceased” [46 Fed. Reg
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5.0 CHEMICAL OVERVIEW This section
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Table 5.3: Environmental Fate and T
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general, the production rate is abo
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gasoline. Aromatic hydrocarbons, su
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The EPA Office of Air Quality Plann
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Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
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Table 5.11: Benzene Releases for Al
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6.1.2.2 Chronic Toxicity Toxicity a
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6.1.2.2e Other Hematopoietic Malign
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that transient, high peak exposures
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absorption compared to inhalation,
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increased risk of disease. It shoul
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The National Cancer Institute (NCI)
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exposure. This was also supported b
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follow-up of this same cohort, Wong
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development of MDS)and/or AML. It i
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quantification of benzene air conce
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4.0, 95% CI = 1.8-9.3) but not ALL
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6.2 Benzene Toxicology—Animal Haz
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eakage and loss was comparable whet
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Table 6.2: In Vivo Genotoxicity of
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Table 6.2 Continued: In Vivo Genoto
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6.2.2.3 Transplacental Genotoxicity
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induce solid tumors in animals in t
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mice in the 300-ppm group had bilat
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decreases in maternal weight gain,
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increased resorptions. The effects
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proposed that transplacental effect
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glycerol lysis time, and incidence
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6.2.5.2 Chronic Toxicity Repeat-dos
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LOAELs for carcinogenic effects in
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the measurements of doses are suspe
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intracellular pathogen, Listeria mo
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2. Evidence indicates that myelotox
Page 103 and 104: 7.0 Exposure Assessments This secti
Page 105 and 106: throughout childhood, see Table 7.1
Page 107 and 108: 7.2 Sources of Benzene Exposure Chi
Page 109 and 110: Table 7.3: Outdoor Ambient Air Benz
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.5: County-Wide 24-hour Ambi
Page 113 and 114: Age-specific benzene intakes are pr
Page 115 and 116: Table 7.9: Total ADDs for Exposure
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.10 (cont.) Study Location a
Page 119 and 120: Table 7.11: Summary of Benzene Meas
Page 121 and 122: factor change attributable to benze
Page 123 and 124: where: ADD = average daily dose (mg
Page 125 and 126: Table 7.16: Total ADDS from In-Home
Page 127 and 128: Table 7.18: Summary of Age-Specific
Page 129 and 130: Table 7.20: Summary Statistics for
Page 131 and 132: Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
Page 133 and 134: Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
Page 135 and 136: In-Vehicle Exposures In-vehicle exp
Page 137 and 138: Table 7.30: Average of Mean In-Vehi
Page 139 and 140: e similar to those in other U.S. st
Page 141 and 142: vehicle); the total amount of time
Page 143 and 144: use of small non-road engine equipm
Page 145 and 146: Children may be exposed to benzene
Page 147 and 148: Table 7.36: Typical School Year Wee
Page 149 and 150: An addition of less than 1 µg/m 3
Page 151 and 152: In the mid-1990s, the American Petr
Page 153: Table 7.44: Dermal Benzene Absorpti
Page 157 and 158: Table 7.49: Summary of Age-Specific
Page 159 and 160: For children and non-smoking adults
Page 161 and 162: Benzene Exposure (mg/kg-day) Figure
Page 163 and 164: ackground pathways of exposure, inc
Page 165 and 166: 8.1.3 EPA Default Risk Assessment N
Page 167 and 168: 8.2.1 Potential for Increased Sensi
Page 169 and 170: These findings illustrate examples
Page 171 and 172: information associated with benzene
Page 173 and 174: species are more sensitive than oth
Page 175 and 176: 8.2.3.1 Point of Departure for Non-
Page 177 and 178: Cancer risks were calculated using
Page 179 and 180: NONCANCER HAZARD QUOTIENT 1.00 0.09
Page 181 and 182: Table 8.1. Derivation of noncancer
Page 183 and 184: Table 8.3. Points of departure for
Page 185 and 186: Table 8.4. (cont.) Noncancer Hazard
Page 187 and 188: Table 8.5. Noncancer hazard quotien
Page 189 and 190: Table 8.6. Cancer risk estimates as
Page 191 and 192: Table 8.7. Indoor air comparison (i
Page 193 and 194: Table 8.9. Noncancer margins of saf
Page 195 and 196: Table 8.10. Noncancer margins of sa
Page 197 and 198: Table 8.11. Indoor air comparison (
Page 199 and 200: Table 8.13. (cont.) Notes: Cancer M
Page 201 and 202: the continental U.S. for each leuke
Page 203 and 204: in significant reductions in benzen
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Aksoy M (1977) Leukemia in workers
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Austin, C.C., Wang, D., Ecobichon,
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Buckley, J.D., Ribison, L.L., Swoti
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CONCAWE. 1996. Scientific basis for
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Ding, X-J, Li, Y., Ding, Y. el al.
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Forni, A. 1994. Comparison of chrom
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Goldwater LJ (1941) Disturbances in
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Hsieh, G.C., Parker, R.D., and Shar
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Jo, W.K. and Park, K.H. 1998. Expos
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Lange, A., Smolik, R., Zatonski, W.
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Lynge E, Andersen A, Nilsson R, Bar
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Meadows, A., Obringer, A. M. O., Ba
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Nedelcheva V, Gut I, Soucek P, Tich
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Picciani, D. 1979. Cytogenetic stud
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Ross D, Siegel D, Gibson NW, Pachec
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Sathiakumar, N., Delzell, E., Cole,
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Smith, M. T., Zhang, L. P., Wang, Y
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Thomas, K.W., Pellizzari, E.D., Cla
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United States Environmental Protect
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URS. 2002. Air Quality Trend in the
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Weisel, C.P. 2002. Assessing exposu
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Xing, S.G., Shi, X., Wu, Z.L., Chen
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(VCCEP) Tier 1 Pilot Submission for BENZENE - Tera

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