(VCCEP) Tier 1 Pilot Submission for BENZENE - Tera

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Table 6.1 Continued: In Vitro Genotoxicity of Benzene (Table 1 from ATSDR Toxicological Profile 1997) Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006 63
Table 6.2: In Vivo Genotoxicity of Benzene (Table 2 from ATSDR Toxicological Profile 1997) Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006 64
Page 1 and 2:
Voluntary Children’s Chemical Eva
Page 3 and 4:
6.1.2 Types of Adverse Health Effec
Page 5 and 6:
Glossary of Terms μg Microgram AA
Page 7 and 8:
STEL Short-Term Exposure Limit TEAM
Page 9 and 10:
enzene induced pancytopenias can pr
Page 11 and 12:
A fertility study in female rats ex
Page 13 and 14:
estimate is very conservative both
Page 15 and 16:
2.0 BASIS FOR INCLUSION OF BENZENE
Page 17 and 18:
2.5 Air Monitoring Data Several of
Page 19 and 20: Table 3.1: Proposed Benzene AEGL Va
Page 21 and 22: 4.0 Regulatory Overview This sectio
Page 23 and 24: passenger vehicles operated at cold
Page 25 and 26: Benzene has been designated a hazar
Page 27 and 28: products had ceased” [46 Fed. Reg
Page 29 and 30: 5.0 CHEMICAL OVERVIEW This section
Page 31 and 32: Table 5.3: Environmental Fate and T
Page 33 and 34: general, the production rate is abo
Page 35 and 36: gasoline. Aromatic hydrocarbons, su
Page 37 and 38: The EPA Office of Air Quality Plann
Page 39 and 40: Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
Page 41 and 42: Table 5.11: Benzene Releases for Al
Page 43 and 44: 6.1.2.2 Chronic Toxicity Toxicity a
Page 45 and 46: 6.1.2.2e Other Hematopoietic Malign
Page 47 and 48: that transient, high peak exposures
Page 49 and 50: absorption compared to inhalation,
Page 51 and 52: increased risk of disease. It shoul
Page 53 and 54: The National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Page 55 and 56: exposure. This was also supported b
Page 57 and 58: follow-up of this same cohort, Wong
Page 59 and 60: development of MDS)and/or AML. It i
Page 61 and 62: quantification of benzene air conce
Page 63 and 64: 4.0, 95% CI = 1.8-9.3) but not ALL
Page 65 and 66: 6.2 Benzene Toxicology—Animal Haz
Page 67 and 68: eakage and loss was comparable whet
Page 69: Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
Page 73 and 74: Table 6.2 Continued: In Vivo Genoto
Page 75 and 76: 6.2.2.3 Transplacental Genotoxicity
Page 77 and 78: induce solid tumors in animals in t
Page 79 and 80: mice in the 300-ppm group had bilat
Page 81 and 82: decreases in maternal weight gain,
Page 87 and 88: increased resorptions. The effects
Page 89 and 90: proposed that transplacental effect
Page 91 and 92: glycerol lysis time, and incidence
Page 93 and 94: 6.2.5.2 Chronic Toxicity Repeat-dos
Page 95 and 96: LOAELs for carcinogenic effects in
Page 97 and 98: the measurements of doses are suspe
Page 99 and 100: intracellular pathogen, Listeria mo
Page 101 and 102: 2. Evidence indicates that myelotox
Page 103 and 104: 7.0 Exposure Assessments This secti
Page 105 and 106: throughout childhood, see Table 7.1
Page 107 and 108: 7.2 Sources of Benzene Exposure Chi
Page 109 and 110: Table 7.3: Outdoor Ambient Air Benz
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.5: County-Wide 24-hour Ambi
Page 113 and 114: Age-specific benzene intakes are pr
Page 115 and 116: Table 7.9: Total ADDs for Exposure
Page 117 and 118: Table 7.10 (cont.) Study Location a
Page 119 and 120: Table 7.11: Summary of Benzene Meas
Page 121 and 122:
factor change attributable to benze
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where: ADD = average daily dose (mg
Page 125 and 126:
Table 7.16: Total ADDS from In-Home
Page 127 and 128:
Table 7.18: Summary of Age-Specific
Page 129 and 130:
Table 7.20: Summary Statistics for
Page 131 and 132:
Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
Page 133 and 134:
Benzene VCCEP Submission March 2006
Page 135 and 136:
In-Vehicle Exposures In-vehicle exp
Page 137 and 138:
Table 7.30: Average of Mean In-Vehi
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e similar to those in other U.S. st
Page 141 and 142:
vehicle); the total amount of time
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use of small non-road engine equipm
Page 145 and 146:
Children may be exposed to benzene
Page 147 and 148:
Table 7.36: Typical School Year Wee
Page 149 and 150:
An addition of less than 1 µg/m 3
Page 151 and 152:
In the mid-1990s, the American Petr
Page 153 and 154:
Table 7.44: Dermal Benzene Absorpti
Page 155 and 156:
Table 7.47: Product Names and Manuf
Page 157 and 158:
Table 7.49: Summary of Age-Specific
Page 159 and 160:
For children and non-smoking adults
Page 161 and 162:
Benzene Exposure (mg/kg-day) Figure
Page 163 and 164:
ackground pathways of exposure, inc
Page 165 and 166:
8.1.3 EPA Default Risk Assessment N
Page 167 and 168:
8.2.1 Potential for Increased Sensi
Page 169 and 170:
These findings illustrate examples
Page 171 and 172:
information associated with benzene
Page 173 and 174:
species are more sensitive than oth
Page 175 and 176:
8.2.3.1 Point of Departure for Non-
Page 177 and 178:
Cancer risks were calculated using
Page 179 and 180:
NONCANCER HAZARD QUOTIENT 1.00 0.09
Page 181 and 182:
Table 8.1. Derivation of noncancer
Page 183 and 184:
Table 8.3. Points of departure for
Page 185 and 186:
Table 8.4. (cont.) Noncancer Hazard
Page 187 and 188:
Table 8.5. Noncancer hazard quotien
Page 189 and 190:
Table 8.6. Cancer risk estimates as
Page 191 and 192:
Table 8.7. Indoor air comparison (i
Page 193 and 194:
Table 8.9. Noncancer margins of saf
Page 195 and 196:
Table 8.10. Noncancer margins of sa
Page 197 and 198:
Table 8.11. Indoor air comparison (
Page 199 and 200:
Table 8.13. (cont.) Notes: Cancer M
Page 201 and 202:
the continental U.S. for each leuke
Page 203 and 204:
in significant reductions in benzen
Page 205 and 206:
Aksoy M (1977) Leukemia in workers
Page 207 and 208:
Austin, C.C., Wang, D., Ecobichon,
Page 209 and 210:
Buckley, J.D., Ribison, L.L., Swoti
Page 211 and 212:
CONCAWE. 1996. Scientific basis for
Page 213 and 214:
Ding, X-J, Li, Y., Ding, Y. el al.
Page 215 and 216:
Forni, A. 1994. Comparison of chrom
Page 217 and 218:
Goldwater LJ (1941) Disturbances in
Page 219 and 220:
Hsieh, G.C., Parker, R.D., and Shar
Page 221 and 222:
Jo, W.K. and Park, K.H. 1998. Expos
Page 223 and 224:
Lange, A., Smolik, R., Zatonski, W.
Page 225 and 226:
Lynge E, Andersen A, Nilsson R, Bar
Page 227 and 228:
Meadows, A., Obringer, A. M. O., Ba
Page 229 and 230:
Nedelcheva V, Gut I, Soucek P, Tich
Page 231 and 232:
Picciani, D. 1979. Cytogenetic stud
Page 233 and 234:
Ross D, Siegel D, Gibson NW, Pachec
Page 235 and 236:
Sathiakumar, N., Delzell, E., Cole,
Page 237 and 238:
Smith, M. T., Zhang, L. P., Wang, Y
Page 239 and 240:
Thomas, K.W., Pellizzari, E.D., Cla
Page 241 and 242:
United States Environmental Protect
Page 243 and 244:
URS. 2002. Air Quality Trend in the
Page 245 and 246:
Weisel, C.P. 2002. Assessing exposu
Page 247 and 248:
Xing, S.G., Shi, X., Wu, Z.L., Chen
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(VCCEP) Tier 1 Pilot Submission for BENZENE - Tera

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