The Gujral Committee Report - Language in India

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Karnataka : In the first Karnataka formula, those studying in English medium schools did not have the option to offer their mother tongue as a subject and were compelled to offer some other language instead. In 1964, the Commissioner for 4.218 Minorities intimated that according to the existing pattern of the Three Language Formula as implemented in Karnataka State, the -mother tongue of students opting for the English medium was presumed to be English. When the Commissioner Linguistic tip the question with the State, the formula was revised in February 1964. took the Commissioner was still not satisfied as even under the revised orders, the mother tongue of such students was presumed to be English. 4.219 The latest modification with which the witnesses seemed to be satisfied was However, by the Commissioner in his report for the year 1969-70 and runs as follows : First Language Regional language or classical language or mother tongue or composite course of : indicated Regional language plus classical language, or (i) Regional language plus mother tongue, or (iii) Mother tongue plus classical language. Second Language (ii) or Regional language or classical language or Hindi or alternate English. Third Language Hindi or Regional language or classical language or alternate Hindi. English Jammu and Kashmir : The State had not formally accepted the Three Language 4.220 so far. Facilities, however, exist for the study of 'Assaan Urdu' (in Urdu or Devnagari script) at the earlier stages and also for Hindi or Urdu and English. 4.221 Madhya Pradesh : In the Madhya Pradesh formula, English figures as an Formula Language in India www.languageinindia.com 575 9 : 1 January 2009 The Gujral Committee Report additional subject. Many witnesses pleaded for English being made compulsory for all the students irrespective of the mother- tongue. Another sizable section of witnesses was for English and Hindi being made compulsory for all students and the choice of the third language to be restricted to the mother tongue from among the modern Indian languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule. on Urdu
Maharashtra : The Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities reported in 1962 that the regional language was not compulsory at the secondary education stage. Marathi, Hindi and English were taught in the West Maharashtra and Marathwada regions but, 4.222 the Vidarbha region, the Central Three Language Formula was adopted. As the mother tongue was taught as an alternative to Marathi, the regional language, the linguistic minorities were denied the right to learn Marathi if they wanted to study for their own mother tongue. through Since 1969-70, there has been a demand for the declaration of Marathi as compulsory subject for the Urdu medium schools. This view was also supported by the witnesses appearing before us. They did not want their children to be handicapped by 4.223 of knowledge of the regional language, though they did want the formula to be evolved in such a manner that it did not become a four language formula for student whose mother tongue was different from the regional language. lack We have now been informed that the State of Maharashtra has agreed to allow 4.224 teaching of Marathi in the Urdu medium schools also. 4.225 Orissa : There was no specific complaint about the implementation of the formula as adopted in Orissa. However, one drawback the formula suffers from is that where the the Indian language is Urdu, Telugu, or Bengali, the student cannot offer both Oriya (the regional language) and Hindi. 4.226 Punjab : In Punjab, Punjabi is the first compulsory language and the medium of modern at all levels of instruction; Hindi and English become the second and the third instruction languages from class VI onwards. Because of the compulsory nature of all the three ingredients of the formula, little choice is left to the students and there is no room for the teaching of the mother tongue where it happens to be different from compulsory Language in India www.languageinindia.com 576 9 : 1 January 2009 The Gujral Committee Report Punjabi. 56 4.227 There has been a great tradition of learning Urdu in Punjab and it continues to be a strong centre of Urdu learning and literature. The introduction of Urdu at the various levels of instruction was very forcefully urged before us both at Chandigarh and at Delhi on Urdu
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Language in India Strength for Toda
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CHAIRMAN'S CHAIRMAN'S LETTER LETTER
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of Rationalism 14 Progressive Writi
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(iv) (iii) 41 Orissa 41 Maharashtra
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54 Haryana 54 Delhi Pradesh 55 Karn
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and Kashmir 65 Karnataka 65 Jammu P
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of Safeguards 78 The Memorandum 78
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101 The Great Rebellion 102 Backgro
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(Vii) Interest 125 Fort William Col
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Bibliography 136 Grants for Librari
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of Urdu at the various levels and a
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The Committee for Promotion of Urdu
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Prior to its issue, the Resolution
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which official and non-official eff
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Prof. M. Mujeeb 3. Prof. Abdul Alee
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New Delhi August 7, 8 and 9, 1973 1
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and Public Instruction; Directors o
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The collection and collation of fac
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HISTORICAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND BA
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Early Early History History them al
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Braj Bhasha was the leading languag
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In Namdeva's creations,one can spot
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the Ate and the common man, its fou
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Urdu held sway even after the break
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Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, Surdas,
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of marsia (elegy) writing was also
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a. literary elegance, while his gha
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fondly embraced. "Ama- nat's" opera
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like Bagh-o-Bahar, Hatim-Tai, Singh
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Contacts Contacts with with West We
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Age Age of of Rationalism Rationali
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Not all the poets or writers belong
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Sikhism have been published in Urdu
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A very significant event of the twe
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New New Writing Writing Gopi Chand
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The modern period is also remarkabl
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Total number of speakers Kannada 21
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It will be noticed that while the n
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Karnataka 6,51,696 20,34,482 26,36,
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21 V Name of State/ Urdu spoken as
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Urban Urban and and RRural R Rural
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Concentrations Concentrations Conce
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Darbhanga 11.61 3 Purnea 31.29 2 An
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The language problem had been exerc
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"No citizen shall, on grounds only
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Language Language and and Constitut
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Hindustani Hindustani The reference
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This aspecl of the, problem has not
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This was a modification of the reco
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and the decisions of the Zonal Coun
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The status of Urdu, as can be seen,
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a Directive under Article 347, he t
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The State Government of Aadhra Prad
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EDUCATION. EDUCATION. Background Ba
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The Delhi College, founded in 1825,
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Tile Education Despatch of 1854, is
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The cumulative effect of all these
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The University of Calcutta also all
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was published in 1944. Sargent exam
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The Provincial Education Ministers'
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with particular reference to pupils
Page 123 and 124: The 10 : 40 formula evolved by the
Page 125 and 126: many hurdles and delays. As the dev
Page 127 and 128: Minister of Andhra Pradesh indicate
Page 129 and 130: In the course of our discussions wi
Page 131 and 132: It was suggested to us that Urdu sc
Page 133 and 134: Himachal Pradesh : Hindi is the med
Page 135 and 136: Madhya Pradesh There is a sizable n
Page 137 and 138: The witnesses expressed general sat
Page 139 and 140: schools had been terminated. In 196
Page 141 and 142: Urdu speakers constituted 10.5 per
Page 143 and 144: of Bara Banki. It was, therefore, a
Page 145 and 146: case may be. Here again, many schoo
Page 147 and 148: exists in its original form. It had
Page 149 and 150: provision to cover the right of ins
Page 151 and 152: accordingly, took up the question o
Page 153 and 154: The 15 : 60 formula for the seconda
Page 155 and 156: The Three Language Formula. was re-
Page 157 and 158: was : middle 903, secondary 173, an
Page 159 and 160: special notice as it has been an ac
Page 161 and 162: of Urdu speakers about continued ne
Page 163 and 164: schools and arrangements for teachi
Page 165 and 166: Some witness suggested the formatio
Page 167 and 168: did not work. We have dealt with it
Page 169 and 170: States like Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Page 171 and 172: the right given in the matter of th
Page 173: to linguistic minorities, but -not
Page 177 and 178: other than Sanskrit, the case may b
Page 179 and 180: English or any other modern Europea
Page 181 and 182: linguistic minorities by substituti
Page 183 and 184: asic principles for training were t
Page 185 and 186: institutions. The Director of Educa
Page 187 and 188: Urdu and Telugu decreased gradually
Page 189 and 190: training were required to teach thr
Page 191 and 192: and this can be done in the case of
Page 193 and 194: slightly compared to 1963, there ha
Page 195 and 196: in Himachal Pradesh from the academ
Page 197 and 198: languages. It has developed criteri
Page 199 and 200: Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan and West
Page 201 and 202: translations of textbooks in social
Page 203 and 204: If the State finds it difficult to
Page 205 and 206: languages would be published by the
Page 207 and 208: The distribution machinery for Urdu
Page 209 and 210: knowing Inspectors. Under the circu
Page 211 and 212: y the libraries and pleaded for spe
Page 213 and 214: secondary colleges in an area. Notw
Page 215 and 216: mentioned for the opening of M. A.
Page 217 and 218: institute in the South should be lo
Page 219 and 220: of the view that owing to various f
Page 221 and 222: ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION Vide
Page 223 and 224: The fortunes of Sanskrit may have d
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usiness In the ad- ministrative dep
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different provinces of India. In th
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any such court and in what characte
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There was yet another disquieting f
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composition of population in most S
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groups to secure their support for
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Commissioner Commissioner for for f
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The Ministerial Committee of the So
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We are gratified that the Union Gov
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to the Commissioner for Linguistic
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The State Government should make ad
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was not equipped to undertake trans
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Jammu and Kashmir : Representations
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not be difficult for the State Gove
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A well accepted concept of administ
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elief by giving recognition to mino
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A number of witnesses also demanded
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30 marks out of a hundred. The mark
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In the State services, the medium o
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the examination papers for the Stat
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the Administration to hold a profic
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according to the report of Linguist
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and bye-laws issued under the Const
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to the official languages. The poli
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Electoral Electoral Rolls Rolls Thi
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and implementing authorities are eq
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the translation for notices, etc.,
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Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Biha
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It was generally conceded by the wi
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Leh broadcasts Urdu programmes for
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western and central Urrar Pradesh,
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news bulletins were often translate
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farmer entrepreneur small-sclae ind
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Maharashtra, Punjab and Uttar Prade
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"a further review at the all-India
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JOURNALISM 101 JOURNALISM Backgroun
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included two magazines. The aggrega
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The The Great Great Rebellion Rebel
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the Punjab Akhbar, Lahore; the Sham
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The Urdu newspapers and periodicals
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the concern at the growing unemploy
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fast, they felt that their leadersh
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Urdu Urdu Press Press Over Overseas
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in the thirties wag the weekly Azad
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of a democratic system are reflecte
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73 7 80 308 320 708 12.40 1966 83**
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Most of the drawbacks from which Ur
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carried out." Government of India i
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110 of Paper 1966 1967 1968 1969 19
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The circulation increase in the cas
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Most of the difficulties of the Urd
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lakh for receiving machinery on hir
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Newsprint Newsprint Industries Orga
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of newsprint, namely, 77,192.01 met
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A demand has also been voiced that
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important because to be on the Gove
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small, functions as opinion maker a
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The same applies to sales promotion
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and Visual Publicity or the corresp
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the percentage has been fluctuating
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section or region remains uncovered
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submit the proposal to D.A.V.P. for
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and regularity of publication,prefe
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of Urdu newspapers still leaves muc
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and money, not to mention the avoid
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Kitabat Kitabat and and Composition
Page 357 and 358:
A number of witnesses and later som
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The basic problem that Urdu faces t
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cottage industry workers dwell. Thi
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at Ghazipur. On his suggestion, the
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of presses rose to 23, which publis
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there. Financed by donations and su
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Anthologies of Urdu 6 Literature 5
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experiment was made by a few journa
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and Pakistan. The facilities of typ
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that Hindi could take the initiativ
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give liberal subsidies to writers/p
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Adopt Hindi technical terms in olde
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languages. It will make for conveni
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notes about such Urdu writers as ha
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quality. At least the Sahitya Akade
Page 387 and 388:
Publisher's Publisher's Problems Pr
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to sell, even after making allowanc
Page 391 and 392:
Calligraphers' Ink : The calligraph
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e given to literary bodies, Urdu ac
Page 395 and 396:
These workshops could also conduct
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libraries maintained by the Governm
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languages with which it came into c
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(1887); and the Hurriyat, Tashkent
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therefore, Urdu has to depend heavi
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climate of goodwill towards the lan
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form the pattern with such amplific
Page 409 and 410:
Given a fair trial, these recommend
Page 411 and 412:
Delhi : It was stated that the Delh
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and Urdu knowing teachers appointed
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the above formula., may not be appl
Page 417 and 418:
The Committee noticed that the Nati
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There may not he a case for opening
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Inspecting Inspecting Staff Staff W
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Urdu Urdu Research Research Institu
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Translation Translation of of Laws
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in Urdu should not be restricted in
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gap has developed. The gap should b
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whole position in consultation with
Page 433 and 434:
translated laws will be available t
Page 435 and 436:
Posts Posts and and Telegraphs Tele
Page 437 and 438:
Sign Sign Sign Boards Boards Boards
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giving sufficient attention to Musl
Page 441 and 442:
It would be worthwhile trying to pu
Page 443 and 444:
with a sizable population of Urdu s
Page 445 and 446:
Similar arrangements should exist i
Page 447 and 448:
Advertisements to delivery of the n
Page 449 and 450:
The disproportionate rise in postal
Page 451 and 452:
Urdu Urdu Academies Academies The C
Page 453 and 454:
The composition of the Committee ap
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Scholars Scholars Empritus Empritus
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ooks in Devnagri script, in additio
Page 459 and 460:
Calligraphy Calligraphy There is ob
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wherever demand for Urdu books exis
Page 463 and 464:
Sales Sales Organisation Organisati
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I. I. RESOLUTION RESOLUTION OF OF T
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whether the finances of the provinc
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14-The State shall not deny to any
Page 471 and 472:
Notwithstanding anything in clause
Page 473 and 474:
that if two or more States agree th
Page 475 and 476:
351.-It shall be the duty of the Un
Page 477 and 478:
which are proposed to be taught at
Page 479 and 480:
The Commission has further suggeste
Page 481 and 482:
y the Pre- sident, has not been wel
Page 483 and 484:
languages, and the various provisio
Page 485 and 486:
egret that the question of language
Page 487 and 488:
scale is made, the State Government
Page 489 and 490:
(iii) action by Government to see t
Page 491 and 492:
linguistic majority group in each S
Page 493 and 494:
Facilities for registration of docu
Page 495 and 496:
Definition of persons eligible for
Page 497 and 498:
the second class language test in T
Page 499 and 500:
according to the States Reorganisat
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and should any problem arise, it wo
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The Gujral Committee Report - Language in India

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