The Gujral Committee Report - Language in India

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to prepare textbooks for higher secondary classes also. Textbooks on science subjects were being translated into Urdu. As the demand for such books in the higher classes was not encouraging private publishers were reluctant to undertake the measures of textbooks for these classes. 4.321 The Director of Education informed the Committee that objectionable material publication being deleted from the textbooks after a very careful scrutiny. was West Bengal : The State Government had undertaken the provision of textbooks in Bengali and Nepali, while Urdu textbooks were being procured. from. the neighbouring States. There were complaints of non-availability of Urdu textbooks, but 4.322 Education Directorate of West Bengal claimed that it had not received any complaint regarding the non-availability of primary textbooks in Urdu. The secretary, Calcutta Corporation Urdu Teachers' Society, Calcutta and a few other witnesses wanted that the arrangements for publishing low priced textbooks in Bengali and Nepali should be the to cover Urdu textbooks also. This demand was supported by the Writers Association, Howrah. extended General : There have been persistent Complaints from Urdu speakers about the non-availability of Urdu textbooks in severa States. Many of these complaints have been recorded by the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in his reports. From the 4.323 of the witnesses it appeared that the problem had not been fully solved. statements where Urdu textbooks had been published, they were not readily available in the market or became available so late that the students in sheer desperation changed over to other media. The publication of textbooks after the academic session has begun is Even Language in India www.languageinindia.com 607 9 : 1 January 2009 The Gujral Committee Report self- defeating. The State Governments must ensure that all Urdu textbooks are not only printed but are also made available in the market well before the beginning of the academic session. on Urdu
The distribution machinery for Urdu textbooks will also need considerable toning up. Where no such machinery exists, it will have to be created to ensure that the complaints do not recur. 4.324 The price of paper has risen steeply and since most of the new textbooks in Urdu are printed by the offset process, the cost of printing and of effecting improvements in the standard of production have also gone up. For an average student, particularly if he 4.325 to a weaker section of the society, it is now extremely difficult to afford such textbooks. Government may, therefore consider subsidising the production of Urdu textbooks. belongs Apart from the, quality of production, the quality of translation as also of the contents requires attention. There were complaints that translations were being entrusted to people who were not fully competent to undertake the job. It was also 4.326 to our notice that the textbooks obtained from other States did not contain material of local interest, particularly for the primary and secondary students. There were also deviations from the syllabi prescribed by the borrowing States. It would brought be necessary to examine carefully the books produced by private publishers as also by other States to see if they fully satisfy the requirements of the State concerned. ,therefore, Grades Grades for for Urdu Urdu Teachers Teachers From Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, we beard complaints that Urdu teachers were not being given proper grades. In Madhya Pradesh, it was 4.327 Language in India www.languageinindia.com 608 9 : 1 January 2009 The Gujral Committee Report represented to us that trained Urdu teachers had not be in upgraded to upper division posts, even after a continuous service of eight years. In Uttar Pradesh we were told that the grades of Urdu teachers were much lower than those of teachers in other subjects. Naturally there was a demand for equal pay irrespective of the subjects a teacher taught. In Rajasthan, the Committee was informed that a primary school Urdu teacher on Urdu
Page 1 and 2:
Language in India Strength for Toda
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CHAIRMAN'S CHAIRMAN'S LETTER LETTER
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of Rationalism 14 Progressive Writi
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(iv) (iii) 41 Orissa 41 Maharashtra
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54 Haryana 54 Delhi Pradesh 55 Karn
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and Kashmir 65 Karnataka 65 Jammu P
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of Safeguards 78 The Memorandum 78
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101 The Great Rebellion 102 Backgro
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(Vii) Interest 125 Fort William Col
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Bibliography 136 Grants for Librari
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of Urdu at the various levels and a
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The Committee for Promotion of Urdu
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Prior to its issue, the Resolution
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which official and non-official eff
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Prof. M. Mujeeb 3. Prof. Abdul Alee
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New Delhi August 7, 8 and 9, 1973 1
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and Public Instruction; Directors o
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The collection and collation of fac
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HISTORICAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND BA
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Early Early History History them al
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Braj Bhasha was the leading languag
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In Namdeva's creations,one can spot
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the Ate and the common man, its fou
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Urdu held sway even after the break
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Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, Surdas,
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of marsia (elegy) writing was also
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a. literary elegance, while his gha
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fondly embraced. "Ama- nat's" opera
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like Bagh-o-Bahar, Hatim-Tai, Singh
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Contacts Contacts with with West We
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Age Age of of Rationalism Rationali
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Not all the poets or writers belong
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Sikhism have been published in Urdu
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A very significant event of the twe
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New New Writing Writing Gopi Chand
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The modern period is also remarkabl
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Total number of speakers Kannada 21
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It will be noticed that while the n
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Karnataka 6,51,696 20,34,482 26,36,
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21 V Name of State/ Urdu spoken as
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Urban Urban and and RRural R Rural
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Concentrations Concentrations Conce
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Darbhanga 11.61 3 Purnea 31.29 2 An
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The language problem had been exerc
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"No citizen shall, on grounds only
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Language Language and and Constitut
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Hindustani Hindustani The reference
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This aspecl of the, problem has not
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This was a modification of the reco
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and the decisions of the Zonal Coun
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The status of Urdu, as can be seen,
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a Directive under Article 347, he t
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The State Government of Aadhra Prad
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EDUCATION. EDUCATION. Background Ba
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The Delhi College, founded in 1825,
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Tile Education Despatch of 1854, is
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The cumulative effect of all these
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The University of Calcutta also all
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was published in 1944. Sargent exam
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The Provincial Education Ministers'
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with particular reference to pupils
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The 10 : 40 formula evolved by the
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many hurdles and delays. As the dev
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Minister of Andhra Pradesh indicate
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In the course of our discussions wi
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It was suggested to us that Urdu sc
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Himachal Pradesh : Hindi is the med
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Madhya Pradesh There is a sizable n
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The witnesses expressed general sat
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schools had been terminated. In 196
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Urdu speakers constituted 10.5 per
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of Bara Banki. It was, therefore, a
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case may be. Here again, many schoo
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exists in its original form. It had
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provision to cover the right of ins
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accordingly, took up the question o
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The 15 : 60 formula for the seconda
Page 155 and 156: The Three Language Formula. was re-
Page 157 and 158: was : middle 903, secondary 173, an
Page 159 and 160: special notice as it has been an ac
Page 161 and 162: of Urdu speakers about continued ne
Page 163 and 164: schools and arrangements for teachi
Page 165 and 166: Some witness suggested the formatio
Page 167 and 168: did not work. We have dealt with it
Page 169 and 170: States like Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Page 171 and 172: the right given in the matter of th
Page 173 and 174: to linguistic minorities, but -not
Page 175 and 176: Maharashtra : The Commissioner for
Page 177 and 178: other than Sanskrit, the case may b
Page 179 and 180: English or any other modern Europea
Page 181 and 182: linguistic minorities by substituti
Page 183 and 184: asic principles for training were t
Page 185 and 186: institutions. The Director of Educa
Page 187 and 188: Urdu and Telugu decreased gradually
Page 189 and 190: training were required to teach thr
Page 191 and 192: and this can be done in the case of
Page 193 and 194: slightly compared to 1963, there ha
Page 195 and 196: in Himachal Pradesh from the academ
Page 197 and 198: languages. It has developed criteri
Page 199 and 200: Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan and West
Page 201 and 202: translations of textbooks in social
Page 203 and 204: If the State finds it difficult to
Page 205: languages would be published by the
Page 209 and 210: knowing Inspectors. Under the circu
Page 211 and 212: y the libraries and pleaded for spe
Page 213 and 214: secondary colleges in an area. Notw
Page 215 and 216: mentioned for the opening of M. A.
Page 217 and 218: institute in the South should be lo
Page 219 and 220: of the view that owing to various f
Page 221 and 222: ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION Vide
Page 223 and 224: The fortunes of Sanskrit may have d
Page 225 and 226: usiness In the ad- ministrative dep
Page 227 and 228: different provinces of India. In th
Page 229 and 230: any such court and in what characte
Page 231 and 232: There was yet another disquieting f
Page 233 and 234: composition of population in most S
Page 235 and 236: groups to secure their support for
Page 237 and 238: Commissioner Commissioner for for f
Page 239 and 240: The Ministerial Committee of the So
Page 241 and 242: We are gratified that the Union Gov
Page 243 and 244: to the Commissioner for Linguistic
Page 245 and 246: The State Government should make ad
Page 247 and 248: was not equipped to undertake trans
Page 249 and 250: Jammu and Kashmir : Representations
Page 251 and 252: not be difficult for the State Gove
Page 253 and 254: A well accepted concept of administ
Page 255 and 256: elief by giving recognition to mino
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A number of witnesses also demanded
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30 marks out of a hundred. The mark
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In the State services, the medium o
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the examination papers for the Stat
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the Administration to hold a profic
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according to the report of Linguist
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and bye-laws issued under the Const
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to the official languages. The poli
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Electoral Electoral Rolls Rolls Thi
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and implementing authorities are eq
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the translation for notices, etc.,
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Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Biha
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It was generally conceded by the wi
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Leh broadcasts Urdu programmes for
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western and central Urrar Pradesh,
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news bulletins were often translate
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farmer entrepreneur small-sclae ind
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Maharashtra, Punjab and Uttar Prade
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"a further review at the all-India
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JOURNALISM 101 JOURNALISM Backgroun
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included two magazines. The aggrega
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The The Great Great Rebellion Rebel
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the Punjab Akhbar, Lahore; the Sham
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The Urdu newspapers and periodicals
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the concern at the growing unemploy
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fast, they felt that their leadersh
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Urdu Urdu Press Press Over Overseas
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in the thirties wag the weekly Azad
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of a democratic system are reflecte
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73 7 80 308 320 708 12.40 1966 83**
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Most of the drawbacks from which Ur
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carried out." Government of India i
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110 of Paper 1966 1967 1968 1969 19
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The circulation increase in the cas
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Most of the difficulties of the Urd
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lakh for receiving machinery on hir
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Newsprint Newsprint Industries Orga
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of newsprint, namely, 77,192.01 met
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A demand has also been voiced that
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important because to be on the Gove
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small, functions as opinion maker a
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The same applies to sales promotion
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and Visual Publicity or the corresp
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the percentage has been fluctuating
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section or region remains uncovered
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submit the proposal to D.A.V.P. for
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and regularity of publication,prefe
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of Urdu newspapers still leaves muc
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and money, not to mention the avoid
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Kitabat Kitabat and and Composition
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A number of witnesses and later som
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The basic problem that Urdu faces t
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cottage industry workers dwell. Thi
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at Ghazipur. On his suggestion, the
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of presses rose to 23, which publis
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there. Financed by donations and su
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Anthologies of Urdu 6 Literature 5
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experiment was made by a few journa
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and Pakistan. The facilities of typ
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that Hindi could take the initiativ
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give liberal subsidies to writers/p
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Adopt Hindi technical terms in olde
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languages. It will make for conveni
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notes about such Urdu writers as ha
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quality. At least the Sahitya Akade
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Publisher's Publisher's Problems Pr
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to sell, even after making allowanc
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Calligraphers' Ink : The calligraph
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e given to literary bodies, Urdu ac
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These workshops could also conduct
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libraries maintained by the Governm
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languages with which it came into c
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(1887); and the Hurriyat, Tashkent
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therefore, Urdu has to depend heavi
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climate of goodwill towards the lan
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form the pattern with such amplific
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Given a fair trial, these recommend
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Delhi : It was stated that the Delh
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and Urdu knowing teachers appointed
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the above formula., may not be appl
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The Committee noticed that the Nati
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There may not he a case for opening
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Inspecting Inspecting Staff Staff W
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Urdu Urdu Research Research Institu
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Translation Translation of of Laws
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in Urdu should not be restricted in
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gap has developed. The gap should b
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whole position in consultation with
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translated laws will be available t
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Posts Posts and and Telegraphs Tele
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Sign Sign Sign Boards Boards Boards
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giving sufficient attention to Musl
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It would be worthwhile trying to pu
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with a sizable population of Urdu s
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Similar arrangements should exist i
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Advertisements to delivery of the n
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The disproportionate rise in postal
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Urdu Urdu Academies Academies The C
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The composition of the Committee ap
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Scholars Scholars Empritus Empritus
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ooks in Devnagri script, in additio
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Calligraphy Calligraphy There is ob
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wherever demand for Urdu books exis
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Sales Sales Organisation Organisati
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I. I. RESOLUTION RESOLUTION OF OF T
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whether the finances of the provinc
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14-The State shall not deny to any
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Notwithstanding anything in clause
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that if two or more States agree th
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351.-It shall be the duty of the Un
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which are proposed to be taught at
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The Commission has further suggeste
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y the Pre- sident, has not been wel
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languages, and the various provisio
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egret that the question of language
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scale is made, the State Government
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(iii) action by Government to see t
Page 491 and 492:
linguistic majority group in each S
Page 493 and 494:
Facilities for registration of docu
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Definition of persons eligible for
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the second class language test in T
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according to the States Reorganisat
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and should any problem arise, it wo
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The Gujral Committee Report - Language in India

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