The Gujral Committee Report - Language in India

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II-English or any other non-Indian language. According to this formula, an option was available to Urdu students provided they were ready to give up the regional language. Witnesses demanded that the study of the Part language must be made compulsory but the mother tongue, including Urdu, should not form an alternative to the regional language. 4.232 Uttar Pradesh : In his report for the year 1960-61, the Commissioner for Linguistic regional reported that the Uttar Pradesh Government had varied the three Language Minorities According to the Commissioner's report of 1963, the formula was as follows : (1) Hindi or regional language ; (2) Any other Indian language except Hindi out of the languages shown in the Eighth Formula. of the Constitution. 57 4.233 The Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu (Hind), pointed out that textbooks had not been Schedule for the teaching of Urdu, under the three Language Formula. The Shervani prescribed Society, Allahabad, also complained of delay in sanctioning of Urdu teachers under the formula. 4.234 Witnesses complained that the Uttar Pradesh Education Department had earlier Education the interests of Urdu under the three Language Formula, which had been modified as to keep Urdu out of the curriculum. 4.235 Undoubtedly, the importance of study of Sanskrit is undeniable for it forms an neglected part of our glorious heritage. It is also necessary for a better understanding inalienable Hindi and we can say of Urdu also. It would, however, be linguistically wrong to bracket it with Urdu or Punjabi as a modern Indian Language. Accordingly, Sanskrit should in our view be taught as part of compulsory Hindi to all students, irrespective of of Language in India www.languageinindia.com 579 9 : 1 January 2009 The Gujral Committee Report their mother tongue. 4.236 The Three Language Formula as it stands today is as follows : (i) Hindi or the regional language. (ii) Any one of the languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution and Nepali. on Urdu
English or any other modern European language. Not satisfied with the formula, the Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu(Hind) came out with a counter proposal which is as under : (iii) The mother tongue or the regional language (ii) The official language of the Union or the associate language of the Union. (iii) A modern Indian language or foreign language not covered under (i) and (ii) and (i) than that used as the medium of instruction. other Neither of the two formulae provides a satisfactory solution. The Anjuman's proposal to make the mother tongue an alternative to the regional language is not properly conceived. No student would like to give up the regional language. 4.237 West Bengal : It was represented to us that according to the modified Three Language Formula as earlier accepted in West Bengal, it was made possible for a student from a linguistic minority not to study Bengali. The witnesses were not happy 4.238 it and pleaded that the formula should be redesigned so as to enable students with in Urdu medium schools to acquire proficiency in Bengali, it) addition to Hindi and English. The study of four languages would according to them not be a burden on a such students. The State Government has recently modified the Three Language studing further. 4.239 General: It will be seen that States like Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and the Union Territory of Delhi have included Sanskrit in the Three Language Formula. Formula Madhya Pradesh, English is being offered as an additional subject. In States like In and Himachal Pradesh all the three languages are compulsory-in the former, Punjabi, Hindi and English and in. the latter, Hindi, Urdu and English. No other option or alternative is provided. Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir and Nagaland have not Punjab Language in India www.languageinindia.com 580 9 : 1 January 2009 The Gujral Committee Report accepted the formula in its entirety. In most of the States, the alternative of a modern Indian language was available on paper but there were no arrangements for the teaching of such language in Schools. In States like Andhra Pradesh and Orissa there is an option between Hindi and the mother tongue, while in Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra and West Bengal, the option lies between the mother tongue and the on Urdu
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Language in India Strength for Toda
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CHAIRMAN'S CHAIRMAN'S LETTER LETTER
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of Rationalism 14 Progressive Writi
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(iv) (iii) 41 Orissa 41 Maharashtra
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54 Haryana 54 Delhi Pradesh 55 Karn
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and Kashmir 65 Karnataka 65 Jammu P
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of Safeguards 78 The Memorandum 78
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101 The Great Rebellion 102 Backgro
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(Vii) Interest 125 Fort William Col
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Bibliography 136 Grants for Librari
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of Urdu at the various levels and a
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The Committee for Promotion of Urdu
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Prior to its issue, the Resolution
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which official and non-official eff
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Prof. M. Mujeeb 3. Prof. Abdul Alee
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New Delhi August 7, 8 and 9, 1973 1
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and Public Instruction; Directors o
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The collection and collation of fac
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HISTORICAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND BA
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Early Early History History them al
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Braj Bhasha was the leading languag
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In Namdeva's creations,one can spot
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the Ate and the common man, its fou
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Urdu held sway even after the break
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Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, Surdas,
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of marsia (elegy) writing was also
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a. literary elegance, while his gha
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fondly embraced. "Ama- nat's" opera
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like Bagh-o-Bahar, Hatim-Tai, Singh
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Contacts Contacts with with West We
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Age Age of of Rationalism Rationali
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Not all the poets or writers belong
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Sikhism have been published in Urdu
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A very significant event of the twe
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New New Writing Writing Gopi Chand
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The modern period is also remarkabl
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Total number of speakers Kannada 21
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It will be noticed that while the n
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Karnataka 6,51,696 20,34,482 26,36,
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21 V Name of State/ Urdu spoken as
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Urban Urban and and RRural R Rural
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Concentrations Concentrations Conce
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Darbhanga 11.61 3 Purnea 31.29 2 An
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The language problem had been exerc
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"No citizen shall, on grounds only
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Language Language and and Constitut
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Hindustani Hindustani The reference
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This aspecl of the, problem has not
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This was a modification of the reco
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and the decisions of the Zonal Coun
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The status of Urdu, as can be seen,
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a Directive under Article 347, he t
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The State Government of Aadhra Prad
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EDUCATION. EDUCATION. Background Ba
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The Delhi College, founded in 1825,
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Tile Education Despatch of 1854, is
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The cumulative effect of all these
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The University of Calcutta also all
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was published in 1944. Sargent exam
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The Provincial Education Ministers'
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with particular reference to pupils
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The 10 : 40 formula evolved by the
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many hurdles and delays. As the dev
Page 127 and 128: Minister of Andhra Pradesh indicate
Page 129 and 130: In the course of our discussions wi
Page 131 and 132: It was suggested to us that Urdu sc
Page 133 and 134: Himachal Pradesh : Hindi is the med
Page 135 and 136: Madhya Pradesh There is a sizable n
Page 137 and 138: The witnesses expressed general sat
Page 139 and 140: schools had been terminated. In 196
Page 141 and 142: Urdu speakers constituted 10.5 per
Page 143 and 144: of Bara Banki. It was, therefore, a
Page 145 and 146: case may be. Here again, many schoo
Page 147 and 148: exists in its original form. It had
Page 149 and 150: provision to cover the right of ins
Page 151 and 152: accordingly, took up the question o
Page 153 and 154: The 15 : 60 formula for the seconda
Page 155 and 156: The Three Language Formula. was re-
Page 157 and 158: was : middle 903, secondary 173, an
Page 159 and 160: special notice as it has been an ac
Page 161 and 162: of Urdu speakers about continued ne
Page 163 and 164: schools and arrangements for teachi
Page 165 and 166: Some witness suggested the formatio
Page 167 and 168: did not work. We have dealt with it
Page 169 and 170: States like Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Page 171 and 172: the right given in the matter of th
Page 173 and 174: to linguistic minorities, but -not
Page 175 and 176: Maharashtra : The Commissioner for
Page 177: other than Sanskrit, the case may b
Page 181 and 182: linguistic minorities by substituti
Page 183 and 184: asic principles for training were t
Page 185 and 186: institutions. The Director of Educa
Page 187 and 188: Urdu and Telugu decreased gradually
Page 189 and 190: training were required to teach thr
Page 191 and 192: and this can be done in the case of
Page 193 and 194: slightly compared to 1963, there ha
Page 195 and 196: in Himachal Pradesh from the academ
Page 197 and 198: languages. It has developed criteri
Page 199 and 200: Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan and West
Page 201 and 202: translations of textbooks in social
Page 203 and 204: If the State finds it difficult to
Page 205 and 206: languages would be published by the
Page 207 and 208: The distribution machinery for Urdu
Page 209 and 210: knowing Inspectors. Under the circu
Page 211 and 212: y the libraries and pleaded for spe
Page 213 and 214: secondary colleges in an area. Notw
Page 215 and 216: mentioned for the opening of M. A.
Page 217 and 218: institute in the South should be lo
Page 219 and 220: of the view that owing to various f
Page 221 and 222: ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION Vide
Page 223 and 224: The fortunes of Sanskrit may have d
Page 225 and 226: usiness In the ad- ministrative dep
Page 227 and 228: different provinces of India. In th
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any such court and in what characte
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There was yet another disquieting f
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composition of population in most S
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groups to secure their support for
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Commissioner Commissioner for for f
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The Ministerial Committee of the So
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We are gratified that the Union Gov
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to the Commissioner for Linguistic
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The State Government should make ad
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was not equipped to undertake trans
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Jammu and Kashmir : Representations
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not be difficult for the State Gove
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A well accepted concept of administ
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elief by giving recognition to mino
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A number of witnesses also demanded
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30 marks out of a hundred. The mark
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In the State services, the medium o
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the examination papers for the Stat
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the Administration to hold a profic
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according to the report of Linguist
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and bye-laws issued under the Const
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to the official languages. The poli
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Electoral Electoral Rolls Rolls Thi
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and implementing authorities are eq
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the translation for notices, etc.,
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Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Biha
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It was generally conceded by the wi
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Leh broadcasts Urdu programmes for
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western and central Urrar Pradesh,
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news bulletins were often translate
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farmer entrepreneur small-sclae ind
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Maharashtra, Punjab and Uttar Prade
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"a further review at the all-India
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JOURNALISM 101 JOURNALISM Backgroun
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included two magazines. The aggrega
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The The Great Great Rebellion Rebel
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the Punjab Akhbar, Lahore; the Sham
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The Urdu newspapers and periodicals
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the concern at the growing unemploy
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fast, they felt that their leadersh
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Urdu Urdu Press Press Over Overseas
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in the thirties wag the weekly Azad
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of a democratic system are reflecte
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73 7 80 308 320 708 12.40 1966 83**
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Most of the drawbacks from which Ur
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carried out." Government of India i
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110 of Paper 1966 1967 1968 1969 19
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The circulation increase in the cas
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Most of the difficulties of the Urd
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lakh for receiving machinery on hir
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Newsprint Newsprint Industries Orga
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of newsprint, namely, 77,192.01 met
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A demand has also been voiced that
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important because to be on the Gove
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small, functions as opinion maker a
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The same applies to sales promotion
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and Visual Publicity or the corresp
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the percentage has been fluctuating
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section or region remains uncovered
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submit the proposal to D.A.V.P. for
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and regularity of publication,prefe
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of Urdu newspapers still leaves muc
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and money, not to mention the avoid
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Kitabat Kitabat and and Composition
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A number of witnesses and later som
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The basic problem that Urdu faces t
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cottage industry workers dwell. Thi
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at Ghazipur. On his suggestion, the
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of presses rose to 23, which publis
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there. Financed by donations and su
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Anthologies of Urdu 6 Literature 5
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experiment was made by a few journa
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and Pakistan. The facilities of typ
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that Hindi could take the initiativ
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give liberal subsidies to writers/p
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Adopt Hindi technical terms in olde
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languages. It will make for conveni
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notes about such Urdu writers as ha
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quality. At least the Sahitya Akade
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Publisher's Publisher's Problems Pr
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to sell, even after making allowanc
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Calligraphers' Ink : The calligraph
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e given to literary bodies, Urdu ac
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These workshops could also conduct
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libraries maintained by the Governm
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languages with which it came into c
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(1887); and the Hurriyat, Tashkent
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therefore, Urdu has to depend heavi
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climate of goodwill towards the lan
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form the pattern with such amplific
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Given a fair trial, these recommend
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Delhi : It was stated that the Delh
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and Urdu knowing teachers appointed
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the above formula., may not be appl
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The Committee noticed that the Nati
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There may not he a case for opening
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Inspecting Inspecting Staff Staff W
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Urdu Urdu Research Research Institu
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Translation Translation of of Laws
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in Urdu should not be restricted in
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gap has developed. The gap should b
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whole position in consultation with
Page 433 and 434:
translated laws will be available t
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Posts Posts and and Telegraphs Tele
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Sign Sign Sign Boards Boards Boards
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giving sufficient attention to Musl
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It would be worthwhile trying to pu
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with a sizable population of Urdu s
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Similar arrangements should exist i
Page 447 and 448:
Advertisements to delivery of the n
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The disproportionate rise in postal
Page 451 and 452:
Urdu Urdu Academies Academies The C
Page 453 and 454:
The composition of the Committee ap
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Scholars Scholars Empritus Empritus
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ooks in Devnagri script, in additio
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Calligraphy Calligraphy There is ob
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wherever demand for Urdu books exis
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Sales Sales Organisation Organisati
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I. I. RESOLUTION RESOLUTION OF OF T
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whether the finances of the provinc
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14-The State shall not deny to any
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Notwithstanding anything in clause
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that if two or more States agree th
Page 475 and 476:
351.-It shall be the duty of the Un
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which are proposed to be taught at
Page 479 and 480:
The Commission has further suggeste
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y the Pre- sident, has not been wel
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languages, and the various provisio
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egret that the question of language
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scale is made, the State Government
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(iii) action by Government to see t
Page 491 and 492:
linguistic majority group in each S
Page 493 and 494:
Facilities for registration of docu
Page 495 and 496:
Definition of persons eligible for
Page 497 and 498:
the second class language test in T
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according to the States Reorganisat
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and should any problem arise, it wo
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