The Rampart, The Traffic Artery, and the Park; Designing for the city regions of Antwerp

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Potential agricultural beltkFuture Ring Par++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++The NetherlandsBelgium++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Scheldt Estuary++++++++++++++++++++P otential green radial++++++Peerdsb os radialNorthen Park of the Elsen, Masten, Paepen forestsfortsPotentialgreenSchijnbelt with ecologicalriver valleyGreen campus connectionRi ver valley of the ScheldtThe Rupel riverRiver valley of the Rupel,andThe Nete riverthe Nete and DijleThe Dijle riverLegend102Important ecologicalareasCurrentcorridorsPossiblecorridors
Ecological structure - totalexisting and potential51). Many, but not all, of the defence structures have been marked as heritageor protected landscape, or as city or villagescape (beschermde stads- en dorpsgezichten)(Province of Antwerp & Fortengordels, 2014, p. 55).Looking at the historic inundation areas we see that this currently coincides withthe designated flooding areas in the region. This is not surprising, since manyof the waterways have not been altered over the last few decades. The biggestchanges have occurred in the landscape that is now the harbour, and the districtof Linkeroever, which was raised artificially.Ecological structure - radialsexisting and potentialEcological structure - tangentsexisting and potentialThere have been many plans for the fortification system over the years. Most ofthese plans focus on individual forts, but there are two that study a larger scale:the previously mentioned Kaderplan, Fortengordels rond Antwerpen (Frameworkplan, fortification belts around Antwerp) from 2014, and the plan Herover defortengordel (recapture the fortification belt) from 2002. The former studies theentirety of the redoubt system and comes to some of the same conclusions aspresented in this chapter; mainly the spiral and the large ecological structurearound the metropolitan region (next subchapter). The latter presents a plan forthe inner fortification belt on the left and right bank (see chapter 3.1 for moreinformation). What both of these plans have in common however, is that theyoften focus on a very micro level – the scale of the individual fort – and scopetheir strategy or development plan in such a way that it only includes the historicaland recreational dimensions, leaving what potential this system has from amorphological, economic, or infrastructural point of view out of the study. TheKaderplan study seems to have not received a follow-up since its release, theHerover de fortengordel plan seems to have been only partially executed.Ecological structure vs.fortification spiralFigure 2.3Drawing of the defence system ofAntwerp in relation to large ecologicalstructures. The map used is fromGoogle Maps (Google, 2020).The defence system in relation to large ecological structuresThe dotted hatch on the left page shows and abstraction of the BiologischeWaarderingskaart en Natura 2000 Habitatkaart 2018 (Biological valuation mapand Natura 2000 habitat map 2018). The hatch represents all areas that aredeemed valuable or extremely valuable (Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek,2018). We see that most of the historic inundation, and the current flood areas,have been marked as valuable ecological zones. This should not come as a realsurprise, since the historic inundation was predominantly a natural occurringphenomenon focussed around large natural entities, that were adapted to suitthe needs of Antwerp. In extension to the comments on the value of the forts asfauna habitats on the previous page, we also see that the majority of the fortsare deemed ecologically valuable.We can distinguish a system of radial and concentric ecological zonesof which the three largest are: (1) the Scheldt River Valley leading to the Schel-103
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IIIIII IIaround the cityII I I I II
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Graduation thesis prepared for them
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AbstractAntwerp is currently implem
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Table of ContentsIntroduction 11I E
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still in development. For the ring
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analysis of the region’s past and
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IExploratory Research1.1 De Grote V
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Figure 1.0 - Previous spreadPhotogr
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with the E19 to Brussels, however,
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IIIIIIIIHighway networkHighway netw
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periphery of green areas, or on lar
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Figure 1.5Drawing of the Resilient
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Figure 1.7Image of the four large e
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West; De Urbanisten; Omgeving; COBE
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Figure 1.13A defined urban edge for
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35
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1.2Historical-MorphologicalAnalysis
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Figure 1.15A map of Antwerp in 1573
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1664The map to the left shows Antwe
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Figure 1.17A map of Antwerp around
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dyke has been made to cater to the
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city’s surface by a factor of fiv
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Figure 1.21The masterplan of De Hee
Page 51 and 52: of the city, the Albert Canal has r
Page 53 and 54: with the design of the R1, a larger
Page 55 and 56: ConclusionFigure 1.25Never a place
Page 57 and 58: to read in the landscape or urban f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1.29abstract depiction of th
Page 61 and 62: method for the city to adopt in the
Page 63 and 64: Figure 1.32The Ford Model T in its
Page 65 and 66: recreational zones, consisting of v
Page 67 and 68: 6.Also called the ‘Dwight D. Eise
Page 69 and 70: Figure 1.37An image of war proteste
Page 71 and 72: city, supply is also lagging behind
Page 73 and 74: 15.To be clear; polycentricism can
Page 75 and 76: looks like. Because of the enthusia
Page 77 and 78: CapTunnelCapTunnelEuropeNorth Ameri
Page 79 and 80: We see that morphology and the domi
Page 81 and 82: two side notes here, (1) the domest
Page 83 and 84: 1.3 Optimism, Realism, and Pessimis
Page 85 and 86: hubs, like the P+R structures, or l
Page 87 and 88: scenario in which the ring park has
Page 89 and 90: the densification process of Linker
Page 91 and 92: Green City RingMetropolitan Antwerp
Page 93: Figure 1.42 - previous spreadDrawin
Page 96 and 97: 2.1De Stelling van AntwerpenOn the
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Page 100 and 101: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Page 104 and 105: Antwerpen++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Page 106 and 107: IIIIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Page 108 and 109: Highways and Highways trunk and roa
Page 114 and 115: around the city, including Antwerp
Page 116 and 117: 2.2A Spatial Strategy for theMetrop
Page 120 and 121: of the anti-tank ditch, for the riv
Page 122 and 123: CityLowdensity regionSururbanregion
Page 125 and 126: IIIThe Suburban Region3.1 The Subur
Page 127 and 128: 3.1The SuburbanFortification BeltOn
Page 129 and 130: The water couldgo u n dert h e trac
Page 131 and 132: Figure 3.1 - previous pageDrawing o
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Page 135 and 136: III II IIIEekersegateToEkerenI I I
Page 139 and 140: g lives on in a veryape of the ring
Page 143 and 144: Large natural stuctures and green c
Page 145 and 146: I IIIIII II II II II IIIIII IIIIIII
Page 147 and 148: Highways and main Highways bus rout
Page 149 and 150: Potential for polycentric developme
Page 151 and 152: Figure 3.14A plan developed by Labo
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I IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIenNoordkasteel
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Figure 3.15 - previous spreadThe la
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I IIIIII IIIIIIIIIenEkerenToRoosend
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High densitysocial housingHighdensi
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section, since this area is mostly
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As was already mentioned in the pre
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We can distinguish five sections fo
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I IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIsbaan will end
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Highways and main bus routesHighway
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and Deurne could prevent the urbani
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IndustryShopsIndustryIndustryShopsS
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IIIIIIIDevelopment order.Figure 3.2
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4.1The Green City RingOn the role o
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This is Noordkasteel; theculminatio
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IIThis was thThe inundation had an
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Figure 4.4Fort Vlaamsch Hoofd and t
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I IIIIIThe Grote Omwalling lives on
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31 - 35ug/m 336 - 4 0 ug/m 331 - 35
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s better a55 - 59 dBThe birds here
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4 o C4 o C2,5 o C3 o C3,5 o C3,5 o
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The dyke will be raised by 2metres
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The completion and capping of Antwe
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I IIIIII I I IPidpI I I I I I I I I
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e200
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I II I III II II I I ITheres a rail
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Front facades with buffer zone towa
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This is the Oosterweel tunnel.The r
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This is the Oosterweel tunnel.The r
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road - and the Tunnellaan - the car
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LegendFront facadesRear facadesIndu
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LegendFront facadesRear facadesIndu
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Figure 4.15 - previous spreadsMorph
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Sections - cityQuayStreet width = b
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Block configuration - cityOrthogona
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The drawing to the left shows the p
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Looking at the sections of Linkeroe
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and as a last point of retreat for
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an average of four to five floors,
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Hier gaat de treinweer onder.III II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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IIsitionric.now also going to serve
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public transportridge willwith righ
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Following the Houtdok.Here the Stra
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Hier volgt de morfologie de oriënt
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get a nice urban facade.Morkhoven w
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Figure 4.23 - previous three spread
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Figure 4.25The ring park; a system
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Figure 4.27The concept of the inund
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Figure 4.28Two ring boulevards alon
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The morphology of the ring zoneThe
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The high-rise here willact as a gat
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The high-rise here willact as a gat
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This orientationconnects themiddle
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The left bankThe previous spreads s
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Figure 4.33Drawing of Linkeroever
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Basic principles of Linkeroever’s
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Morphological design principlesThe
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to bring a familiar and natural ext
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Sections Linkeroever - newBlanceflo
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Middenvijver - park front1,5 x stre
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Profile width = building height277
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279
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ConclusionThis research set out to
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At the suburban region, the inner f
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earlier notion that this strategy c
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A big thank you to the employees of
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BibliographyAdemloos.be. (2012, Apr
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Cals, R. (2016, November 28). Levit
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Duffy, M. (2009, August 22). Primar
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Fortengordels. (a). Fort Noordkaste
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Kassam, A. (2017, April 20). This a
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Melosi, M. V. (2010). The Automobil
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Muoio, D. (2017, October 29). The 1
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Rottiers, K. (2004). Wat met de sta
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Van de Sijpe, L. (n.d.). Beschrijvi
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Zeuwts, K. (2012, September 5). Vie
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1.19 - Topotijdreis. (n.d.). Topoti
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3.19 - Municipality of Antwerp. (n.
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Appendix IList of highway caps and
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Cost Financing SourceêÄçìêX= =
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317Cost Financing SourceX=åçí= =
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Cost Financing SourceÜííéëWLL
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Cost Financing SourceÜííéëWLL
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Conclusion morphological analysisMo
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Block configurationCityOrganicOrtho
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SectionsCityAverage streetStreet wi
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SectionsCityQuayStreet width = buil
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Eilandje and SchipperskwartierCombi
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SectionsStreet width = building hei
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‘t NoordAmandus-atheneum, Seefhoe
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SectionsChausseeStreet width = buil
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Block configurationOrthogonal (angu
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ZurenborgCombination of facades, lo
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Sections4,5 x building height = wid
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Block configurationRadialOrthogonal
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‘t Zuid en BrederodeFacades towar
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SectionsStreet width = building hei
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Block configurationOrthogonal (angu
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LinkeroeverCombination of facades,
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Block configurationOrthogonalOrgani
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Street width = building heightHalew
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IsedicndiationaAntwerp is on the ev
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The Rampart, The Traffic Artery, and the Park; Designing for the city regions of Antwerp

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