The Rampart, The Traffic Artery, and the Park; Designing for the city regions of Antwerp

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This is Noordkasteel; theculmination of the GroteOmwalling. The citadel wasbuilt in 1862 and wasmeant to defend "TheBend of Oosterweel”.Due to the inundations,the northern part of theramparts could bebuilt lighter.EekersegateSt. MichielsgateBoomsegateIJzerenweg - zuidgateAmerikaleiKielse gateing, incorporat ed into the cit y as a spacious boulevard.Traces of the Spaanse OmwallSint LaurentsgateThe Lunette of Herentalsbeautifully incorporatedinto the city fabric as apark.The city increasedby a factor of 5.WilrijksegateEdegemsegateBerchemsegateMechelsegateSpoorbaangateBredagateSchijngateLeopoldgateLouisagateBorsbeeksegateBecause this area could not be inundated, the ramparts to the so uth were heavilyItaliëleiFrankrijkleiThe city increasedby a factor of 5.This meant that the harbour,Borgerhout, and Berchem wereannexed to the city.TurnhoutsegateHerentalsegateThe ramparts werebuilt using earth andwere approximately9,5 metres high.foritified withlunettes.18 monumental,Neo-Baroque gateswere constructed toallow entrance to thecity. None of thesegates were preservedwhen the ring road wasconstructed.180
1859-18871859-18871859-1887 The Grote OmwallingThe page on the left shows a recap of the Grote Omwalling as it was during1887-19141887-19141887-1914the period between 1887 and 1914. This defence structure increased the city’ssurface by a factor of five, giving much needed space to a very populous city.It thereby also enclosed several neighbouring villages like Borgerhout and Berchem,and parts of the harbour (Verboven, 2018b). The rampart consisted outof a 9,5-metre-high earthen wall, with a total section of 230 metres, which extendedto 820 at the heavily fortified sections in the south (Verboven, 2018a).The Omwalling was accessible via eighteen monumental Neo-Baroque gates(Nagels, 2012, p. 34).The Spaanse Omwalling, here marked with a dotted line, was incorporatedinto the city as the Leien and the city park. The grey areas show the inundationareas around the city. The average submersion depth was estimated to bearound 3 or 4 metres. As a result of these areas, the ramparts on the northside of the city were significantly less fortified then its southern counterparts.The only defence structure on the north was the Noordkasteel (North castle),a structure built for the purposes of defending the bent of the Scheldt river,and as a last point of retreat for times when the city itself had already fallen.A similar role as the citadel in the southern part of the Spaanse Omwalling(Fortengordels, a).1914-1930/681914-1930/681914-1930/68When the rampart was first built, the southern part of the rampart was attachedto the Citadel of Antwerp, or Zuidkasteel (South castle), a part of the SpaanseOmwalling. A pentagonal bastion fort constructed in the early days of theDutch Revolt between 1567 and 1572 by the Duke of Alva, to defend andquell any resistance from Antwerp’s inhabitants (Michielsen, 2016; MilitaryHeritage Antwerp, n.d.). Around 1880, the land under the Citadel was soldFigure 4.1Detailed drawing of the differentiterations of the Grote Omwalling(Topotijdreis, n.d.).Figure 4.2An image of the Grote Omwallingnear the Turnhoutse and HerentalseGates (Antwerpen stad, n.d.).181
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IIIIII IIaround the cityII I I I II
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Graduation thesis prepared for them
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AbstractAntwerp is currently implem
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Table of ContentsIntroduction 11I E
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still in development. For the ring
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analysis of the region’s past and
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IExploratory Research1.1 De Grote V
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Figure 1.0 - Previous spreadPhotogr
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with the E19 to Brussels, however,
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IIIIIIIIHighway networkHighway netw
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periphery of green areas, or on lar
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Figure 1.5Drawing of the Resilient
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Figure 1.7Image of the four large e
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West; De Urbanisten; Omgeving; COBE
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Figure 1.13A defined urban edge for
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35
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1.2Historical-MorphologicalAnalysis
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Figure 1.15A map of Antwerp in 1573
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1664The map to the left shows Antwe
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Figure 1.17A map of Antwerp around
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dyke has been made to cater to the
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city’s surface by a factor of fiv
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Figure 1.21The masterplan of De Hee
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of the city, the Albert Canal has r
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with the design of the R1, a larger
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ConclusionFigure 1.25Never a place
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to read in the landscape or urban f
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Figure 1.29abstract depiction of th
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method for the city to adopt in the
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Figure 1.32The Ford Model T in its
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recreational zones, consisting of v
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6.Also called the ‘Dwight D. Eise
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Figure 1.37An image of war proteste
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city, supply is also lagging behind
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15.To be clear; polycentricism can
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looks like. Because of the enthusia
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CapTunnelCapTunnelEuropeNorth Ameri
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We see that morphology and the domi
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two side notes here, (1) the domest
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1.3 Optimism, Realism, and Pessimis
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hubs, like the P+R structures, or l
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scenario in which the ring park has
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the densification process of Linker
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Green City RingMetropolitan Antwerp
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Figure 1.42 - previous spreadDrawin
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2.1De Stelling van AntwerpenOn the
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++++ + +++++++++++++++++++++++++++I
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Potential agricultural beltkFuture
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Antwerpen++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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IIIIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Highways and Highways trunk and roa
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around the city, including Antwerp
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2.2A Spatial Strategy for theMetrop
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of the anti-tank ditch, for the riv
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CityLowdensity regionSururbanregion
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IIIThe Suburban Region3.1 The Subur
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3.1The SuburbanFortification BeltOn
Page 129 and 130: The water couldgo u n dert h e trac
Page 131 and 132: Figure 3.1 - previous pageDrawing o
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Page 135 and 136: III II IIIEekersegateToEkerenI I I
Page 139 and 140: g lives on in a veryape of the ring
Page 143 and 144: Large natural stuctures and green c
Page 145 and 146: I IIIIII II II II II IIIIII IIIIIII
Page 147 and 148: Highways and main Highways bus rout
Page 149 and 150: Potential for polycentric developme
Page 151 and 152: Figure 3.14A plan developed by Labo
Page 153 and 154: I IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIenNoordkasteel
Page 155 and 156: Figure 3.15 - previous spreadThe la
Page 157 and 158: I IIIIII IIIIIIIIIenEkerenToRoosend
Page 159 and 160: High densitysocial housingHighdensi
Page 161 and 162: section, since this area is mostly
Page 163 and 164: As was already mentioned in the pre
Page 165 and 166: We can distinguish five sections fo
Page 167 and 168: I IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIsbaan will end
Page 169 and 170: Highways and main bus routesHighway
Page 171 and 172: and Deurne could prevent the urbani
Page 173 and 174: IndustryShopsIndustryIndustryShopsS
Page 175: IIIIIIIDevelopment order.Figure 3.2
Page 178 and 179: 4.1The Green City RingOn the role o
Page 182 and 183: IIThis was thThe inundation had an
Page 184 and 185: Figure 4.4Fort Vlaamsch Hoofd and t
Page 186 and 187: I IIIIIThe Grote Omwalling lives on
Page 188 and 189: 31 - 35ug/m 336 - 4 0 ug/m 331 - 35
Page 190 and 191: s better a55 - 59 dBThe birds here
Page 192 and 193: 4 o C4 o C2,5 o C3 o C3,5 o C3,5 o
Page 194 and 195: The dyke will be raised by 2metres
Page 196 and 197: The completion and capping of Antwe
Page 198 and 199: I IIIIII I I IPidpI I I I I I I I I
Page 200 and 201: e200
Page 202 and 203: I II I III II II I I ITheres a rail
Page 204 and 205: Front facades with buffer zone towa
Page 206 and 207: This is the Oosterweel tunnel.The r
Page 208 and 209: This is the Oosterweel tunnel.The r
Page 210 and 211: road - and the Tunnellaan - the car
Page 213: LegendFront facadesRear facadesIndu
Page 217 and 218: LegendFront facadesRear facadesIndu
Page 219 and 220: Figure 4.15 - previous spreadsMorph
Page 221 and 222: Sections - cityQuayStreet width = b
Page 223 and 224: Block configuration - cityOrthogona
Page 225 and 226: The drawing to the left shows the p
Page 227 and 228: Looking at the sections of Linkeroe
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an average of four to five floors,
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Hier gaat de treinweer onder.III II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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IIsitionric.now also going to serve
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public transportridge willwith righ
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Following the Houtdok.Here the Stra
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Hier volgt de morfologie de oriënt
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get a nice urban facade.Morkhoven w
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Figure 4.23 - previous three spread
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Figure 4.25The ring park; a system
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Figure 4.27The concept of the inund
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Figure 4.28Two ring boulevards alon
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The morphology of the ring zoneThe
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The high-rise here willact as a gat
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The high-rise here willact as a gat
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This orientationconnects themiddle
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The left bankThe previous spreads s
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Figure 4.33Drawing of Linkeroever
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Basic principles of Linkeroever’s
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Morphological design principlesThe
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to bring a familiar and natural ext
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Sections Linkeroever - newBlanceflo
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Middenvijver - park front1,5 x stre
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Profile width = building height277
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279
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ConclusionThis research set out to
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At the suburban region, the inner f
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earlier notion that this strategy c
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A big thank you to the employees of
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BibliographyAdemloos.be. (2012, Apr
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Cals, R. (2016, November 28). Levit
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Duffy, M. (2009, August 22). Primar
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Fortengordels. (a). Fort Noordkaste
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Kassam, A. (2017, April 20). This a
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Melosi, M. V. (2010). The Automobil
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Muoio, D. (2017, October 29). The 1
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Rottiers, K. (2004). Wat met de sta
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Van de Sijpe, L. (n.d.). Beschrijvi
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Zeuwts, K. (2012, September 5). Vie
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1.19 - Topotijdreis. (n.d.). Topoti
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3.19 - Municipality of Antwerp. (n.
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Appendix IList of highway caps and
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Cost Financing SourceêÄçìêX= =
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317Cost Financing SourceX=åçí= =
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Cost Financing SourceÜííéëWLL
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Cost Financing SourceÜííéëWLL
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Conclusion morphological analysisMo
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Block configurationCityOrganicOrtho
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SectionsCityAverage streetStreet wi
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SectionsCityQuayStreet width = buil
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Eilandje and SchipperskwartierCombi
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SectionsStreet width = building hei
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‘t NoordAmandus-atheneum, Seefhoe
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SectionsChausseeStreet width = buil
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Block configurationOrthogonal (angu
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ZurenborgCombination of facades, lo
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Sections4,5 x building height = wid
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Block configurationRadialOrthogonal
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‘t Zuid en BrederodeFacades towar
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SectionsStreet width = building hei
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Block configurationOrthogonal (angu
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LinkeroeverCombination of facades,
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Block configurationOrthogonalOrgani
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Street width = building heightHalew
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IsedicndiationaAntwerp is on the ev
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The Rampart, The Traffic Artery, and the Park; Designing for the city regions of Antwerp

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