The Rampart, The Traffic Artery, and the Park; Designing for the city regions of Antwerp

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OosterweelMerxem16SwijndrechtFort t’ Veer5DoornCrayehof2St. Willebrord3Burcht4BerchmHobokemLuythagenWilryckMortsele40
1664The map to the left shows Antwerp a few years after the signing of the Treaty ofMünster that marked the end of the Eighty Years’ war between the then Republicof the Seven United Netherlands and the Spanish Empire. The map showsthat the Spaanse Omwalling was reinforced with several ravelins at the eastentrance of the city, and that the Citadel was enlarged with three ravelins.On the left bank we see a new linear east-west connection betweenAntwerp and the hinterland. The limited literature available on this road, suggeststhat this is a dyke called the ‘Grote Groene Weghe’ that was supposedto give access to Antwerp in the event that the Borgerweertpolder was inundated.The three diagonal waterways connecting to the road seem to confirmthis (Antrop, De Maeyer, & Vandermotten, 2006, p. 19). The result of theseinundations is visible in the landscape of the polder in the form of the Geuzeweel(1), the Galgeweel (2), and the Burchtse weel (3), which all formed afterdyke breaches. Probably due to one of the inundations during the Siege ofAntwerp in the Eighty Years’ War (Antwerpse Vereniging voor Bouwhistorie enGeschiedenis, n.d.; Verbeeck, 1944, p. 166). We also see a new road alongthe northern side of the Borgerweertpolder called the Scheldeweg (Scheldtroad).We see that many forts and sconces have been discontinued afterthe war. The Sconce (schans) of Borcht (4) is still visible, we further see a fewnew redoubts at the end of the diagonal waterways and an unnamed fort/sconce (5) north of Fort t’ Veer that was sometimes connected to Antwerp witha pontoon bridge. Further to the north we see the early development of FortIsabelle (6), and continuing to the west we see three new unnamed sconces.Near Swijndrecht we see the newly built Fort Laer, built in 1638 by the Spanish(Verbraeken, 2018b).Figure 1.16A map of Antwerp in 1664. Derivedfrom the Flandria illustrate of AntoniusSanderus, and a more detailed map ofAntwerp by Joan Blaeu (BnF Gallica,n.d.; Oudelandkaarten.eu, n.d.).1846The map on the next page shows Antwerp halfway through the 19th century.Between this map and the previous one, Antwerp has had four different rulers.After the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), the Southern Netherlandsagain belonged to the Holy Roman Empire under Charles VI accordingto the Treaty of Utrecht. Subsequently in 1795 after the Battle of Fleurus, theSouthern Netherlands were annexed by France, and in 1799 after Napoleon’sCoup of 18 Brumaire, fell under his rule. In 1814-1815 after the NapoleonicWars, the Treaty of Paris was signed which ultimately led to the formation of theUnited Kingdom of the Netherlands. Which added the Southern Netherlandsto the reign of William I (Willem I der Nederlanden). However, this did not lastlong, because of growing unrest due to, among other things, a difference inreligion (Catholic in the south and Protestant in the north) and general lack of41
Page 1: IIIIII IIaround the cityII I I I II
Page 4 and 5: Graduation thesis prepared for them
Page 6 and 7: AbstractAntwerp is currently implem
Page 9: Table of ContentsIntroduction 11I E
Page 12 and 13: still in development. For the ring
Page 14 and 15: analysis of the region’s past and
Page 17 and 18: IExploratory Research1.1 De Grote V
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.0 - Previous spreadPhotogr
Page 21 and 22: with the E19 to Brussels, however,
Page 23 and 24: IIIIIIIIHighway networkHighway netw
Page 25 and 26: periphery of green areas, or on lar
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1.5Drawing of the Resilient
Page 29 and 30: Figure 1.7Image of the four large e
Page 31 and 32: West; De Urbanisten; Omgeving; COBE
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.13A defined urban edge for
Page 35 and 36: 35
Page 37 and 38: 1.2Historical-MorphologicalAnalysis
Page 39: Figure 1.15A map of Antwerp in 1573
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.17A map of Antwerp around
Page 45 and 46: dyke has been made to cater to the
Page 47 and 48: city’s surface by a factor of fiv
Page 49 and 50: Figure 1.21The masterplan of De Hee
Page 51 and 52: of the city, the Albert Canal has r
Page 53 and 54: with the design of the R1, a larger
Page 55 and 56: ConclusionFigure 1.25Never a place
Page 57 and 58: to read in the landscape or urban f
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1.29abstract depiction of th
Page 61 and 62: method for the city to adopt in the
Page 63 and 64: Figure 1.32The Ford Model T in its
Page 65 and 66: recreational zones, consisting of v
Page 67 and 68: 6.Also called the ‘Dwight D. Eise
Page 69 and 70: Figure 1.37An image of war proteste
Page 71 and 72: city, supply is also lagging behind
Page 73 and 74: 15.To be clear; polycentricism can
Page 75 and 76: looks like. Because of the enthusia
Page 77 and 78: CapTunnelCapTunnelEuropeNorth Ameri
Page 79 and 80: We see that morphology and the domi
Page 81 and 82: two side notes here, (1) the domest
Page 83 and 84: 1.3 Optimism, Realism, and Pessimis
Page 85 and 86: hubs, like the P+R structures, or l
Page 87 and 88: scenario in which the ring park has
Page 89 and 90: the densification process of Linker
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Green City RingMetropolitan Antwerp
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Figure 1.42 - previous spreadDrawin
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2.1De Stelling van AntwerpenOn the
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++++ + +++++++++++++++++++++++++++I
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Potential agricultural beltkFuture
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Antwerpen++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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IIIIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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Highways and Highways trunk and roa
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around the city, including Antwerp
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2.2A Spatial Strategy for theMetrop
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of the anti-tank ditch, for the riv
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CityLowdensity regionSururbanregion
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IIIThe Suburban Region3.1 The Subur
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3.1The SuburbanFortification BeltOn
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The water couldgo u n dert h e trac
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Figure 3.1 - previous pageDrawing o
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133
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III II IIIEekersegateToEkerenI I I
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g lives on in a veryape of the ring
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Large natural stuctures and green c
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I IIIIII II II II II IIIIII IIIIIII
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Highways and main Highways bus rout
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Potential for polycentric developme
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Figure 3.14A plan developed by Labo
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I IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIenNoordkasteel
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Figure 3.15 - previous spreadThe la
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I IIIIII IIIIIIIIIenEkerenToRoosend
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High densitysocial housingHighdensi
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section, since this area is mostly
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As was already mentioned in the pre
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We can distinguish five sections fo
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I IIIIII II IIIIIIIIIsbaan will end
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Highways and main bus routesHighway
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and Deurne could prevent the urbani
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IndustryShopsIndustryIndustryShopsS
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IIIIIIIDevelopment order.Figure 3.2
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4.1The Green City RingOn the role o
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This is Noordkasteel; theculminatio
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IIThis was thThe inundation had an
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Figure 4.4Fort Vlaamsch Hoofd and t
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I IIIIIThe Grote Omwalling lives on
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31 - 35ug/m 336 - 4 0 ug/m 331 - 35
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s better a55 - 59 dBThe birds here
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4 o C4 o C2,5 o C3 o C3,5 o C3,5 o
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The dyke will be raised by 2metres
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The completion and capping of Antwe
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I IIIIII I I IPidpI I I I I I I I I
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e200
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I II I III II II I I ITheres a rail
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Front facades with buffer zone towa
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This is the Oosterweel tunnel.The r
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This is the Oosterweel tunnel.The r
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road - and the Tunnellaan - the car
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LegendFront facadesRear facadesIndu
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LegendFront facadesRear facadesIndu
Page 219 and 220:
Figure 4.15 - previous spreadsMorph
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Sections - cityQuayStreet width = b
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Block configuration - cityOrthogona
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The drawing to the left shows the p
Page 227 and 228:
Looking at the sections of Linkeroe
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and as a last point of retreat for
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an average of four to five floors,
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Hier gaat de treinweer onder.III II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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IIsitionric.now also going to serve
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public transportridge willwith righ
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Following the Houtdok.Here the Stra
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Hier volgt de morfologie de oriënt
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get a nice urban facade.Morkhoven w
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Figure 4.23 - previous three spread
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Figure 4.25The ring park; a system
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Figure 4.27The concept of the inund
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Figure 4.28Two ring boulevards alon
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The morphology of the ring zoneThe
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The high-rise here willact as a gat
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The high-rise here willact as a gat
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This orientationconnects themiddle
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The left bankThe previous spreads s
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Figure 4.33Drawing of Linkeroever
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Basic principles of Linkeroever’s
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Morphological design principlesThe
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to bring a familiar and natural ext
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Sections Linkeroever - newBlanceflo
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Middenvijver - park front1,5 x stre
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Profile width = building height277
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279
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ConclusionThis research set out to
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At the suburban region, the inner f
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earlier notion that this strategy c
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A big thank you to the employees of
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BibliographyAdemloos.be. (2012, Apr
Page 291 and 292:
Cals, R. (2016, November 28). Levit
Page 293 and 294:
Duffy, M. (2009, August 22). Primar
Page 295 and 296:
Fortengordels. (a). Fort Noordkaste
Page 297 and 298:
Kassam, A. (2017, April 20). This a
Page 299 and 300:
Melosi, M. V. (2010). The Automobil
Page 301 and 302:
Muoio, D. (2017, October 29). The 1
Page 303 and 304:
Rottiers, K. (2004). Wat met de sta
Page 305 and 306:
Van de Sijpe, L. (n.d.). Beschrijvi
Page 307 and 308:
Zeuwts, K. (2012, September 5). Vie
Page 309 and 310:
1.19 - Topotijdreis. (n.d.). Topoti
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3.19 - Municipality of Antwerp. (n.
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Appendix IList of highway caps and
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Cost Financing SourceêÄçìêX= =
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317Cost Financing SourceX=åçí= =
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Cost Financing SourceÜííéëWLL
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Cost Financing SourceÜííéëWLL
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Conclusion morphological analysisMo
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Block configurationCityOrganicOrtho
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SectionsCityAverage streetStreet wi
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SectionsCityQuayStreet width = buil
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Eilandje and SchipperskwartierCombi
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SectionsStreet width = building hei
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‘t NoordAmandus-atheneum, Seefhoe
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SectionsChausseeStreet width = buil
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Block configurationOrthogonal (angu
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ZurenborgCombination of facades, lo
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Sections4,5 x building height = wid
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Block configurationRadialOrthogonal
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‘t Zuid en BrederodeFacades towar
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SectionsStreet width = building hei
Page 351 and 352:
Block configurationOrthogonal (angu
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LinkeroeverCombination of facades,
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Block configurationOrthogonalOrgani
Page 357 and 358:
Street width = building heightHalew
Page 360:
IsedicndiationaAntwerp is on the ev
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The Rampart, The Traffic Artery, and the Park; Designing for the city regions of Antwerp

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