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Preface for the Third Edition - Read

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294 B. Concepts and Theories<br />

ness processes, those compliant to laws, regulations and standards are considered of higher<br />

hardness. The same applies to courses when <strong>the</strong>y are certified by some external authority.<br />

TABLE B-16. Types of knowledge in phases of knowledge maturing process<br />

phase knowledge<br />

type<br />

expressing ideas<br />

distributing in<br />

communities<br />

<strong>for</strong>malizing<br />

ad-hoc learning<br />

<strong>for</strong>mal training<br />

hardness<br />

rumors 1 human, highly<br />

contextualized<br />

personal<br />

experiences<br />

ideas and<br />

proposals<br />

questions/<br />

answers<br />

project<br />

results<br />

lessons<br />

learned<br />

(LL)<br />

learning<br />

objects<br />

good/best<br />

practices<br />

(BP)<br />

medium/context commitment/<br />

legitimation<br />

2 human, personal<br />

notes, highly contextualized<br />

2 <strong>for</strong>um entry, suggestion<br />

<strong>for</strong>m, explicit<br />

use context<br />

3 FAQ, <strong>for</strong>um<br />

entry, explicit<br />

problem context<br />

3 project/milestone<br />

report, explicit<br />

project context<br />

4 LL document,<br />

explicit project<br />

context<br />

5 well-defined digital<br />

resource, <strong>for</strong>mal<br />

meta-data<br />

5 BP document,<br />

process description,<br />

explicit creation<br />

context<br />

patents 9 patent application,<br />

explicit potential<br />

use context<br />

reorganized<br />

business<br />

process<br />

(compliant)<br />

courses<br />

(certified)<br />

6 (7) process models<br />

and descriptions<br />

<strong>for</strong>m of learning/<br />

technology<br />

none in<strong>for</strong>mal, direct communication<br />

by phone, instant<br />

messaging, email<br />

commitment by direct/computer-mediated<br />

individuals, communication, exchange<br />

confirmation by of personal artefacts, collab-<br />

colleagues oration systems, Weblogs<br />

commitment by<br />

individuals,<br />

confirmation by<br />

colleagues<br />

legitimation by<br />

experts<br />

committee selection, validation,<br />

organizational proposal<br />

system, <strong>for</strong>um,<br />

community workspace<br />

self-managed, on-demand<br />

search, FAQ data base,<br />

<strong>for</strong>um, Wikis<br />

legitimation by on-demand search, project<br />

project manager & document management<br />

system<br />

legitimation by<br />

project team<br />

legitimation by<br />

experts<br />

commitment of<br />

team, unit,<br />

company,<br />

group, industry<br />

legitimation by<br />

patent office<br />

legitimation by<br />

process owner<br />

6 (7) composed learn- legitimation by<br />

ing objects, curriculum,<br />

certificates<br />

course owner<br />

case-based, self-managed<br />

learning, LL data base,<br />

Wikis, Weblogs<br />

self-managed ad-hoc learning,<br />

composition from<br />

learning object repository<br />

case-based, self-managed<br />

ad-hoc training, continuous<br />

process improvement, BP<br />

data base<br />

specialized in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />

seeking, patent data bases<br />

standard training of standard<br />

operating procedures,<br />

courses, process warehouse<br />

standardized training, WBT<br />

authoring, learning content<br />

management system

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