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takes to show that the mere conception in the mind, of an absolutely
necessary being, involves both the conceived attribute of
existence and the objective reality of the being itself. In brief,
the idea of God is asserted to involve his actual or real existence.
Consequently, the argument is called a priori because it
rests solely on the mind's necessary conception of the relationship
among the rational categories, and not at all on an appeal
to particular experienced facts.
A posteriori: the cosmological, causal, or aetiological argument;
or the argument from the fact of particular existence.--
-This argument moves from the admission of any particular existence
whatever to the assertion that there exists an absolutely
necessary being as its ground and ultimate cause. The argument
is denominated causal, because it rests on the validity of
the causal category according to which nothing could exist
apart from the presence of completely determinate conditions of
its being---the word aetiological is applied with similar motivation,
since it is derived from he Greek aitos which means causal
or causative. The movement of thought involved is further
called cosmological because, while the argument generally rests
on the mere admission that anything at all exists, still the
broadest area of supposedly contingent reality to which the argument
may be applied is the world or cosmos itself in the widest
sense.
A posteriori: the teleological argument, or the argument
from the nature of total existence.---This most complex type of
theistic argu- [[182]] mentation attempts to show that the detailed
character of the experienced world embodies such adaptations
of means to ends and such transcension of the possibilities
of a material base, that the whole is explicable only in terms of
a personal intelligent will whose nature is goodness and whose
ultimate purpose the universe is progressively realizing. The
argument has two basic orientations in proportion as it focuses
attention on the universe as a whole or on man in particular. In