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ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I RATIONAL EMPIRICISM AS A BASIS FOR CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS CHAPTER I. THE MEANING OF RATIONAL EMPIRICISM Brief Statement of the Position................................... 37 Primary Meaning..................................................... 37 Subsidiary Implications ........................................... 38 Critical Exposition of the Kantian Theory ................... 39 Positive Formulation................................................ 39 A priori categories................................................. 39 Derivation of the categories from the types of logical Judgment............................................................ 42 Limitation of the categories ................................... 45 Critical Alteration.................................................... 46 Introductory Remarks............................................ 46 The numerical reduction of the categories .............. 46 The application of the categories beyond the realm of sense.............................................................. 52 The application of the categories to the knowledge of things-in-themselves ....................................... 53 Conclusion ................................................................ 55 Chapter II. POSITIVE DEFENSE OF THE SYNTHETIC A PRIORI NATURE OF THE CATEGORICAL STRUCTURE The Basic Argument .................................................. 56 Intelligible Experience Presupposes the Synthetic A Priori 57 The Denial of the Synthetic A Priori Is Either Self- contradictory or Meaningless................................. 60
Illustrations................................................................ 62 Conclusions ............................................................... 66 CHAPTER III.AN ANSWER TO OBJECTIONS AGAINST RATIONAL EMPIRICISM Introduction............................................................... 67 From the Vantage Point of Rationalism....................... 68 The Objection Stated ............................................... 68 The Objection Answered ......................................... 70 Positive objections to the rationalistic position ....... 70 Answer to Plato’s arguments ................................. 73 From the Vantage Point of Empiricism ....................... 73 The Empirical Assertion .......................................... 73 It’s general character ............................................. 73 Its detailed exposition............................................ 74 The Empirical Compromise ..................................... 75 Refutation of the Objections..................................... 76 The empirical debate ............................................. 76 The argument of Lewis .......................................... 79 Conclusion............................................................ 82 From the Vantage Point of Pragmatism....................... 82 Formulation of the Objections.................................. 82 Refutation of the Objections..................................... 84 From the Vantage Point of Intuitionism ...................... 88 Formulation of the Objections.................................. 89 Refutation of the Objections..................................... 91 First Objection: general refutation.......................... 91 First Objection: specific applications of the refutation92 Second Objection.................................................. 93 Conclusion............................................................ 94 Conclusion ................................................................ 94 CHAPTER IV. .......COROLLARIES OF RATIONAL EMPIRICISM
Page 1 and 2: The Resurrection of Theism
Page 3 and 4: Copyright ? 2003 Roger Wasson Compa
Page 5: Affectionately Dedicated To Three o
Page 8 and 9: Thus no matter what conclusion one
Page 10 and 11: Origin of the Present Work: the Nee
Page 12 and 13: By way of anticipation I should lik
Page 14 and 15: conviction tempered with a deep Chr
Page 16 and 17: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Sorely,
Page 18 and 19: Balfour, A. J. The Foundations of B
Page 20 and 21: Maritain, Jacques. The Degrees of K
Page 22 and 23: tions and reactions of the nature i
Page 24 and 25: If a person is to apprehend rationa
Page 26 and 27: GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduct
Page 30 and 31: Concerning Epistemology Proper ....
Page 32 and 33: Brunner............................
Page 34 and 35: Part III NATURAL THEOLOGY AND THE E
Page 36 and 37: General Nature of the Argument.....
Page 38 and 39: Conclusion on the Teleological Argu
Page 40 and 41: CHAPTER III.THE REDUCTIVE ARGUMENT
Page 42 and 43: to the sphere of logical validity .
Page 44 and 45: as a whole, or of the particular in
Page 46 and 47: F. Conclusion on the Objections to
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER I THE MEANING OF RATIONAL E
Page 51 and 52: what have you---but a representativ
Page 53 and 54: wrong in failing to cede to the rat
Page 55 and 56: contradiction results directly, whe
Page 57 and 58: (c) Infinite: in which a single pro
Page 59 and 60: to that which is its condition.”
Page 61 and 62: concerning things as noumena, all p
Page 63 and 64: ally a separate type, or reduces to
Page 65 and 66: therefore the category of causation
Page 67 and 68: of thought underlying a categorical
Page 69 and 70: The application of the categories b
Page 71 and 72: In a single paragraph Kant dismisse
Page 73 and 74: determining the number of categorie
Page 75 and 76: Hence, there is, strictly speaking,
Page 77 and 78: In other words, our first intelligi
Page 79 and 80:
the fact that knowledge could not b
Page 81 and 82:
from the proposition itself, else t
Page 83 and 84:
Every attempt to derive the categor
Page 85 and 86:
But if necessary logical laws do no
Page 87 and 88:
certainly not an arbitrary definiti
Page 89 and 90:
(4) Intuitionism, finally, asserts
Page 91 and 92:
upon the proper occasion of observa
Page 93 and 94:
knowledge is apparently to be conce
Page 95 and 96:
(iii) An idea which the soul acquir
Page 97 and 98:
there is not only no objection to t
Page 99 and 100:
tion. 21 Linguistic symbols themsel
Page 101 and 102:
For ought we know, the synthetic fo
Page 103 and 104:
unempirical dogma of empiricists, a
Page 105 and 106:
The argument of Lewis.---That there
Page 107 and 108:
ody of fixed meanings that are not
Page 109 and 110:
Conclusion.---In the light of the a
Page 111 and 112:
order not, in every case, bare itse
Page 113 and 114:
It is concluded that synthetic apri
Page 115 and 116:
the case, since such an assertion i
Page 117 and 118:
ity, in its mobility and process, t
Page 119 and 120:
ecome disinterested, self-conscious
Page 121 and 122:
tion which denies intellect the cap
Page 123 and 124:
assuming that just the categories m
Page 125 and 126:
which the mind functions before the
Page 127 and 128:
(5) Neither idea nor object exists.
Page 129 and 130:
Thus, whether solipsism identifies
Page 131 and 132:
ample, is not in the object as such
Page 133 and 134:
propositions could be either tested
Page 135 and 136:
ception will become increasingly ev
Page 137 and 138:
There are three ways in which the c
Page 139 and 140:
As Blanshard puts the point: “Wha
Page 141 and 142:
thorough refutation that no more th
Page 143 and 144:
if the two propositions were analyt
Page 145 and 146:
that, Ultimate Reality being what i
Page 147 and 148:
hand, theism---the doctrine that na
Page 150 and 151:
Chapter I THE EMPIRICAL APPROACH Ob
Page 152 and 153:
Working “from the outside in,”
Page 154 and 155:
forming these principles is in the
Page 156 and 157:
It is true that the intellect abstr
Page 158 and 159:
God is eternal, or infinite---for s
Page 160 and 161:
tional empiricism that has already
Page 162 and 163:
But can it really be said that the
Page 164 and 165:
lation of the kind suggested. In an
Page 166 and 167:
which can be clearly specified. But
Page 168 and 169:
affirmed that God was to be known o
Page 170 and 171:
making for the realization of absol
Page 172 and 173:
Brunner---while God is clearly mani
Page 174 and 175:
‘Thou’ in Jesus Christ.”(Foot
Page 176 and 177:
God is a mediated immediacy. while
Page 178 and 179:
Section B. Chapter I; and the reade
Page 180 and 181:
[indent] The tests of intuitions, h
Page 182 and 183:
ather than that, as something rathe
Page 184 and 185:
whether a special revelation would
Page 186 and 187:
emember having met Him in personal
Page 188 and 189:
Part, lies in evaluating alternativ
Page 190 and 191:
But now: either scientific beliefs
Page 192 and 193:
Insofar as this general view rests-
Page 194 and 195:
grounds which are rational. Otherwi
Page 196 and 197:
lect might perform functions of no
Page 198 and 199:
assuming the existence of the god w
Page 200 and 201:
Nor will it be difficult to see tha
Page 202 and 203:
God is [[158]] known in terms of a
Page 204 and 205:
first principle is to misunderstand
Page 206 and 207:
conclusions as such do not depend f
Page 208 and 209:
Because man is thus in sinful rebel
Page 210 and 211:
In general, while strictly speaking
Page 212 and 213:
find these categories to be the ver
Page 214 and 215:
affirmation of God's reality; or el
Page 216 and 217:
cally basic---that such espousal [[
Page 218 and 219:
ecognize it at all---in which case
Page 220 and 221:
(3) Does this distortion involve re
Page 222 and 223:
liefs which characterize men are tr
Page 224 and 225:
Yet both men attempt to meet just t
Page 226 and 227:
ecause it suggests that, granting t
Page 228 and 229:
takes to show that the mere concept
Page 230 and 231:
must result from the application of
Page 232 and 233:
It is important to note carefully t
Page 234 and 235:
consistency of an idea is made, in
Page 236 and 237:
plies actual existence, can I pass
Page 238 and 239:
possible and then inferred its exis
Page 240 and 241:
essarily existing. Now “if what w
Page 242 and 243:
It may therefore be urged that we h
Page 244 and 245:
It may be helpful to state the same
Page 246 and 247:
le, then we could not say that the
Page 248 and 249:
upon the conspiration of an indefin
Page 250 and 251:
part of the universe is to say that
Page 252 and 253:
matter, for the case rests, as we h
Page 254 and 255:
In the third place, the basic movem
Page 256 and 257:
ever occur to the man who sold me t
Page 258 and 259:
itself requires explanation in term
Page 260 and 261:
status within which he tragically c
Page 262 and 263:
so oriented matter and its arrangem
Page 264 and 265:
of two perfectly homogeneous masses
Page 266 and 267:
sential function in connection with
Page 268 and 269:
naturalistic terms without the supp
Page 270 and 271:
(3) The Intelligibility of the Worl
Page 272 and 273:
But aside from the general insuffic
Page 274 and 275:
Nouy says: “This amounts to the r
Page 276 and 277:
have run its course in establishing
Page 278 and 279:
language mechanisms may be at work
Page 280 and 281:
tions and hence on an absolute par
Page 282 and 283:
these two fields would rapidly brin
Page 284 and 285:
produce, by similar interaction, th
Page 286 and 287:
this manner? The effect of a physic
Page 288 and 289:
(2) But in the second place, the ve
Page 290 and 291:
highest good, it is thus supreme in
Page 292 and 293:
eternal or timelessly necessary, fo
Page 294 and 295:
mately involves its own denial. How
Page 296 and 297:
(b) Relativism or Subjectivism: val
Page 298 and 299:
(c) Third, the relativist implies t
Page 300 and 301:
--is self-contradictory; for it amo
Page 302 and 303:
ditions of objective existence in t
Page 304 and 305:
An Answer to Objections Against the
Page 306 and 307:
with the express purpose, usually,
Page 308 and 309:
ence can be asserted, for this last
Page 310 and 311:
Conclusion It is therefore conclude
Page 312 and 313:
note 2: G. H. Clark, A Christian Ph
Page 314 and 315:
The Reciprocal Character of Any Arg
Page 316 and 317:
Third Ground of Finitude in God: Th
Page 318 and 319:
cept the rational and moral charact
Page 320 and 321:
first alternative is not here in po
Page 322 and 323:
multiplied beyond necessity; third,
Page 324 and 325:
Conclusion The expansive-limiting a
Page 326 and 327:
that is, that the world both has an
Page 328 and 329:
tecedently existing void time. Henc
Page 330 and 331:
contradictory, "for the existence o
Page 332 and 333:
ing my existence, that of the pen,
Page 334 and 335:
clude that either nothing exists, o
Page 336 and 337:
Thus the sage of Koenigsburg paid t
Page 338 and 339:
has already been established. To de
Page 340 and 341:
Kant's minor objection to the teleo
Page 342 and 343:
ception of a most real being to the
Page 344 and 345:
volved in experience likewise. Thus
Page 346 and 347:
Preliminary Considerations In contr
Page 348 and 349:
pure mathematics," is unjustified a
Page 350 and 351:
existence of an absolutely necessar
Page 352 and 353:
the objection is unsustained. And i
Page 354 and 355:
ment in this form does involve a tr
Page 356 and 357:
eginning has already been analyzed
Page 358 and 359:
B. Metaphysical Objections: which a
Page 360 and 361:
sequence must depend on a nontempor
Page 362 and 363:
It must be then that the scientific
Page 364 and 365:
the world and decline to push throu
Page 366 and 367:
in the absolutely self-conditioned
Page 368 and 369:
the occurrence of processes must be
Page 370 and 371:
again reach either the self-contrad
Page 372 and 373:
tified? Even if there is an absolut
Page 374 and 375:
the temporal and in the contemporan
Page 376 and 377:
C. Conclusion: on the objections ag
Page 378 and 379:
able. The question then becomes: fr
Page 380 and 381:
probability, on the hypothesis of c
Page 382 and 383:
the mere fact that x causes y, I ca
Page 384 and 385:
motion of material elements is thus
Page 386 and 387:
that I already know by direct exper
Page 388 and 389:
watch made, once it is given in exp
Page 390 and 391:
discerned in beings possessed of ra
Page 392 and 393:
Now then: if truth and, more basica
Page 394 and 395:
ational and moral being. I have the
Page 396 and 397:
fragment may be but a temporary and
Page 398 and 399:
the case that any chance universe i
Page 400 and 401:
maintaining its operation. The sugg
Page 402 and 403:
In the light of the above considera
Page 404 and 405:
What then, is an unconscious purpos
Page 406 and 407:
sistent with this attribute, since
Page 408 and 409:
Such an end would either exist with
Page 410 and 411:
have shown elsewhere, transcends th
Page 412 and 413:
true, not because of the greater nu
Page 414 and 415:
Because intelligence in God must di
Page 416 and 417:
contradiction, and that consequentl
Page 418 and 419:
ecause it affects the organic realm
Page 420 and 421:
By way of objection to this solutio
Page 422 and 423:
of conscious, intelligent will is t
Page 424 and 425:
that God is good in any absolute se
Page 426 and 427:
situation. God therefore is benevol
Page 428 and 429:
Ghose, The Life Divine, Book II, Ch
Page 430 and 431:
answers yes, for he trusts the pers
Page 432 and 433:
and thus cling to the reality of th
Page 434 and 435:
But consider this last possibility:
Page 436 and 437:
only after a careful scrutiny of th
Page 438 and 439:
to make the 'good' happy and the 'b
Page 440 and 441:
of God's being. Thus each principle
Page 442 and 443:
complete teleological explanation,
Page 444 and 445:
(a) Orders of sentient being below
Page 446 and 447:
(a) Much natural evil can be elimin
Page 448 and 449:
sary condition for the existence of
Page 450 and 451:
(b) The accumulation of cases thus
Page 452 and 453:
. Reaction of divine law to the evi
Page 454 and 455:
(1) The proportionate application o
Page 456 and 457:
Since the whole range of objections
Page 458 and 459:
the collocations of atoms in his ma
Page 460 and 461:
Blanshard, Brand. The Nature of Tho
Page 462 and 463:
_______. The Philosophy of St. Thom
Page 464 and 465:
Maritain, Jacques. The Degrees of K
Page 466 and 467:
Smith, Norman Kemp. A Commentary to
Page 468 and 469:
Kant's argument concerning, 272f. A
Page 470 and 471:
C criticism of cosmological argumen
Page 472 and 473:
as an alternate to purpose, 307, 30
Page 474 and 475:
Electionism: absolute, as an implic
Page 476 and 477:
status of, 154f.; 158, 159; 166f. F
Page 478 and 479:
its all-inclusive capacity for know
Page 480 and 481:
Liberalism: a representative of its
Page 482 and 483:
Nihilism: as a theoretical epistemo
Page 484 and 485:
criticism of cosmological argument,
Page 486 and 487:
Subjective empiricism: as an approa
Page 488:
W Ward, J.: teleological argument,
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