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sequence must depend on a nontemporal cause, the world cannot
be said to be an effect. Laird argues similarly but fails, in
his formulation of the objection, to push his point to the final
form, since he mentions only that "we have no experience of
anything that came before the world." (Footnote 20: Laird, op.
cit., p. 96.) But in the next place, since the world---in the largest
sense of the term---is unique, there is likewise no basis in an
experience of repeated events for affirming that it is an effect.
If we infer causal connection only from experience of repeatable
sequences, how can we infer anything about the unique
world-whole as an effect? (Footnote 21: Burtt, op. cit., p. 219
(commenting on Hume).) The outcome of our analysis is that
the cosmological argument is invalid, since, when the scientific
concept of causality is applied, no inference can be drawn that
the world is an effect: yet the argument depends on this very
inference.
In answer to the objection: does the scientific concept of
causality purport, at the outset, to be a complete explanation of
the causal origin of a given event or entity? It is true that science
is interested in that aspect of the causal nexus, underlying
a given event, which is the antecedent whose presence always
involves the presence of the effect and whose absence always
involves the absence of the effect. But this interest springs
from the practical motive for scientific pursuits, the scientist being
interested primarily in controlling natural [[290]] sequences
to bring about some events and prevent others. This certainly
does not mean, however, that there are no other causal factors
operating: while it may be true, for example, that heat is always
present subsequent upon the presence of motion and absent
when motion is thus absent, this does not mean that the presence
of motion is the whole explanation of any particular instance
of heat; it merely means that it is the factor of interest to
the person who wishes, in any given case, to produce or prevent
heat. But does anyone imagine that heat or anything else of