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ables us to determine the nature and number of the categories
precisely; at least, he indicated the general method by which
such a deduction of the categories may be carried out.
The content of knowledge is made up, Kant observed, of
judgments that we assert about the data of experience; a judgment
being the affirmation of denial of some predicate to some
subject---as when I say: clouds are beautiful, clouds being the
subject and beautiful being the predicate. If, therefore, the application
of the categories to experience results in various types
of logical judgment, then there must be an a priori category corresponding
to each of the most basic types of logical judgment.
In this way, Kant was able to derive a table of twelve categories
which he deduced from the commonly accepted classification
of logical judgments under headings of quantity, quality, relation,
modality.
The table of these judgments, with their definitions, is as follows:
(1) Quantity
(a) Universal: in which a predicate is affirmed or denied
of a subject in every instance of the subject. (Example:
All humans are mortal.)
(b) Particular: in which a predicate is affirmed or denied
of a subject in some instances. (Example: Some humans
are mortal.)
(c) Singular: in which a predicate is affirmed or denied
of a subject in a concrete instance. (Example:
Socrates is mortal.)
(3) Quality
(a) Affirmative: in which a predicate is assigned to
some subject. (Example: Humanity is a biped.)
(b) Negative: in which a predicate is abstracted from
some subject. (Example: No humans are fish.)