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Now then: if truth and, more basically, mind have the same<br />

value as matter and life considered independently, they therefore<br />

have no value. But we have already shown that the assertion---truth<br />

has no assignable value---is self-contradictory. It is<br />

concluded that the whole objection---that mind has no assignable<br />

value as over against matter and life---is self-contradictory<br />

and hence invalid.<br />

While I think the objection already stands refuted, one final<br />

set of remarks might be made from a more positive point of<br />

view. The implication of the preceding analysis is that rational,<br />

moral nature is the only conceivable end of the cosmic process,<br />

since any other assumption about such an <br />

end involves either material or logical contradiction. After all,<br />

if God is Himself rational and moral, it is prima facie reasonable<br />

that He would create a universe in which rational and<br />

therefore moral being was the chief end.<br />

I therefore conclude that the whole objection is invalid and<br />

that the teleological argument is anthropocentric only in being<br />

rational and for the very reason that the chief end of the universe<br />

is rational.<br />

Because any given entity has no single function and hence<br />

not a single purpose.---The teleological argument assumes that<br />

“everything has its ‘purpose’ in the total scheme of nature,<br />

whether animate or inanimate.” (Footnote 58: Randall and<br />

Buchler, op. cit., p. 162.) But as a matter of fact, many, if not<br />

all, entities have no single purpose or function. “No object has<br />

an absolute or single ‘purpose’ under all circumstances. If a<br />

random stone is to be spoken of as having a purpose or function,<br />

this is not something with which the stone is intrinsically<br />

endowed or antecedently equipped; it is determined only after<br />

the stone is found to function within its environment in a definite<br />

way.” (Footnote 59: Ibid., p. 163.) It follows that “the assumption<br />

of a single purpose on which this teleological

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