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adapted physical context, so transcends its context as to be explicable<br />

only in terms of a transcendent spiritual Cause.<br />

Yet man as a thinking, reasoning being has likewise an end<br />

in self-realization of the highest use to which his rationality can<br />

be put. [[230]] To the consideration of this moral end we now<br />

turn for the last step which teleology proffers to establish the<br />

existence and character of God.<br />

The Moral Argument:<br />

from the Nature of Obligation and Value<br />

A. Summary of the Argument<br />

The characteristic action of mind is its adaptation of means<br />

to previsioned and desired ends: such action, in fact, prescribes<br />

the very meaning of intelligence itself from a functional point<br />

of view. But such a constitutional behavior of mind, in thus<br />

moving toward the realization of purposes, raises the question<br />

whether the pursuit of ends is ultimately no more than an interrelated<br />

series of specific adaptations, or whether at the summit<br />

of rational vision there is a supreme end to which the whole series<br />

of our subordinate ends might be related as itself a series of<br />

means.<br />

That such an ultimate end of rational life exists would seem<br />

antecedently probably from a consideration of two facts: (1)<br />

First, the cosmic process itself, as we have seen, is directed toward<br />

the realization of a series of ends to which previous ends<br />

be<strong>com</strong>e subordinated as means, until the climax is reached in<br />

the production of mind "after the image" of the Ultimate Intelligence.<br />

By analogy, it seems reasonable that rational life itself,<br />

while existing as the end or purpose of the cosmic process,<br />

should have a <strong>com</strong>pelling goal of action which would enrich<br />

and fulfill its own status as the climax of Divine Purpose.

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