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The argument stated.---W. E. Hocking points out that one of
the characteristic marks of a process which we denominate consciously
purposive is that the process produces results of assignable
value: (Footnote 20: Hocking, op. cit., p. 111.) and
beyond that these results should appear in a general order that
progressively involves increasing assignable value with respect
to some telic frame of reference. Thus, for example, I may habitually
pass a certain lot near my home in the course of frequent
walks. On [[219]] a given day I notice that a hole has
been dug on the lot, and subsequently I note that concrete floor
and walls (as I take them to be) are taking shape in the hole: and
so the several steps toward the building of a house ensue. Now
I call this process consciously purposive for numerous reasons:
but certainly one of these reasons is that I note a certain production
of increasingly valuable effects which are oriented to the
production of an over-all end or goal. Nor do I need to know
the specific character of the end in order to make the inference:
what I do need to observe is the increased complexity of mutual
interrelation which the parts of the project progressively embody.
Now consider the temporal advance of the whole cosmic
process itself: it proceeds through levels of matter, life, and
mind in this very order. Each level has an increasing assignable
value as over against preceding levels: for each of the later levels
not only embodies a more complex adaptiveness to its environment
but also itself appears, as we have seen, to be an end
toward the production of which the preceding levels are adapted
as means. Thus matter is so constituted as to be consonant with
the possibility of life, and the stream of life is so directed as to
provide in man an organic counterpart for the realization of rational
experience.
Matter so exists as if it were intended as the environment of
organic life. This life in turn is so directed as if it were intended
to be the scene of intelligent being. As Lecomte du