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there is not only no objection to the position that the whole content
of our ideas originates from the data of experience, but
more than that: the admission contradicts the original denial
that knowledge could be derived from sense-experience.
Answer to Plato’s arguments.---But what about Plato’s arguments
for the rationalistic view? The preceding analysis already
refutes them by implication. (1)The assertion that no true
universal can be derived from sensible particulars is selfcontradictory
by implying that very knowledge of such particulars
that is ostensibly denies. (2)The theory of knowledge as
recollection merely postpones the problem and presupposes an
original state of the soul in which, by its categorical structure, it
was fitted to receive content ideas: and in this case, there is no
reason why all its content ideas may not be thus derived from
contact with the mind’s present experiential data.
Conclusion.---I therefore conclude that the innate factor,
presupposed by the possibility of knowledge, extends merely to
the categorical structure of rationality, and that therefore the
rationalist objection is invalid.
FROM THE VANTAGE POINT OF EMPIRICISM
The Empirical Assertion
It’s general character.---Contemporary empiricists generally
conspire together in a repudiation of the synthetic a priori as we
have attempted to defend it. Thus Reichenbach, in a paper read
to the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association
in 1951, declares: “Modern empiricism has shown Kant’s
thesis [of the synthetic a priori] to be fallacious. There is no
synthetic a priori; what reason contributes to knowledge are
analytical principles only.” 16
16 Philosophical Review, April, 1952, p. 147.