LCLS Conceptual Design Report - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation ...

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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T The rf gun and the each of the two booster accelerating sections in the L0-linac are each powered by an individual klystron. This is to allow vernier control of the phase and amplitude of the individual sections, which is necessary for both diagnosing and optimizing the performance of the injector at different bunch charges. Individual klystrons also allow the phase and amplitude to be controlled at low power levels with existing technology where electronically controlled devices can provide the necessary fine resolution, pulse-to-pulse response, and reproducibility. A standard SLAC S-band accelerating section is 3 meters long and normally the power from one klystron is divided equally over four 3-m sections. The L1-linac is made up of only three sections powered by one klystron. The first two sections are shortened by 20 cm to accommodate extra quadrupole/corrector/BPM packages, and the power is divided to give 50% in the first structure and 25% in the other two. The higher gradient in the first structure is slightly advantageous from a beam dynamics point of view. Following L1, a short X-band rf section, operating at 11.424 GHz, provides 4 th harmonic correction to the energy gradient along the bunch before it passes through the first bunch compressor chicane. This section requires a modest power source to operate at 37 MV/m over a length of 0.6 m to generate the needed 22 MV of X-band rf. The klystrons in the injector and L1 must operate unsaturated to provide for feedback control of the amplitude. A typical operating point would be 5% below the maximum power output of the klystron to allow enough overhead for feedback operation. The L2 accelerating sections are powered by 26 klystrons plus 2 in standby as spares. The majority of these klystrons can be operated in saturation, with no amplitude control, and having global phase control. Two klystrons near the end of L2 will be operated unsaturated to provide for feedback control of the amplitude. Only one of these two klystrons will be in ‘feedback’ mode at any one time, with the other reserved as a spare, or as a standard saturated klystron. The feedback klystron will have its phase on-crest to decouple phase and amplitude control. The average phase of L2 will be controlled by feedback adjustment of the phase of the last full sector in L2 (sector-23). This provides a fine resolution control of the average phase, with only one of the four sectors varied, and yet provides adequate dynamic range. Using a sector at high energy will have the least impact on the relative energy profile and hence the focusing lattice in L2. The L3 accelerating section is powered by 45 klystrons plus 3 klystrons in standby as spares. The majority of these klystrons can be operated in saturation, with no amplitude control, and having global phase control. Two klystrons near the end of L3 will also operate in unsaturated mode to provide for feedback control of the amplitude. The phase for the entire L3 linac will also be controlled by feedback using two or more sectors of L3. An additional S-band klystron running unsaturated, with independent amplitude and phase control, will power the rf deflecting structure at the 25-5A location in the L3 linac. 7-80 ♦ A C C E L E R A T O R
L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T 7.7.2 Layout and Performance of the Present SLAC Linac RF The SLAC linac is divided into 30 sectors, of which the <strong>LCLS</strong> will utilize sectors 21 through 30. The rf distribution for two adjacent, nominal sectors is shown in Figure 7.53, showing how the rf power is derived for each sector and distributed to each of the eight klystrons in the sector. A 476-MHz master oscillator located in sector-0 of the linac transmits low-level power along a phase stabilized Main Drive Line (MDL). To Master Oscillator in Sector 0 shielding ×6 Fox phase shifter Klystron and SLED 2 W Amp Sub Booster 60 kW Main Drive Line 476 MHz Sector Phase Reference Line 2856 MHz Klystron Drive Line PAD A B C D ×4 Accelerating sections per Klystrons ‘head-tail’ phase detector ×8 Klystrons per sector ×6 Sector Phase shifter in feedback sectors only A B C D Load coupler ×4 Accelerating sections per Klystrons Sector beam phase monitor Figure 7.53 Schematic of two adjacent nominal sectors showing distribution of rf power to the klystrons. An interferometer controls the overall phase length of the MDL to compensate for temperature related diurnal phase variations, an example of which is shown in Figure 7.54. At each sector boundary a ×6-multiplier is coupled to the MDL and provides 2856-MHz power for the sector phase reference line and the sub-booster driving 8 klystrons. The sector drive line and the Phase Reference Line (PRL) run the length of one sector and are temperature stabilized over most (but not all) of their length. A ‘head-tail’ phase detector monitors the phase error between adjacent sectors. Phase errors of the order of several degrees between adjacent sectors are typical in the present distribution system, as shown in Figure 7.55, and are the result of imperfect compensation of temperature discrepancies and other various sources. A C C E L E R A T O R ♦ 7-81
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Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I
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Preface This Conceptual Design Repo
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Table of Contents 1 Executive Summa
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6. Two experiment halls L C L S C O
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2.7.1.7 Conventional Facilities L C
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3 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Scientific Bas
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5 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS FEL Parameters
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and the total peak beam power L C L
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5.4.2.2 Case II - High Charge Limit
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∆P ∆I sat pl / P / I sat pk L C
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5.9 Summary L C L S C O N C E P T U
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6 Injector TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The i
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εn,x (µm) 4 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A95
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Quantum Yield (electrons/photon) 10
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Bz (T) 0.3 0.2 0.1 1-2002 8560A92 L
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Master Clock 9.917 MHz x8 x6 x6 Df
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1-2002 8560A198 Linac Center Line L
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B z (kG) 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A91 L C L
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γε x,y (µm) 3 2 1 0 3-2001 8560A
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γεx,y (µm) yn 10 0 -10 -10 0 10
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σ γ /γ 0 (percent) ∆N/N 0.02 0
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5 0 -5 5 0 -5 5 0 -5 L C L S C O N
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Table 6.5 PARMELA Output Parameters
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gama x (micro.m) 3 2 1 0 0 L C L S
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∆E/E 0 (%) ∆N/N 0 -1 -2 0.02 0
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〈∆E/E 0 〉 /% I pk /I pk0 0.1
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Page 216 and 217: β (m) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 K21_1B
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Page 268 and 269: Phase [deg. S-band] L C L S C O N C
Page 272 and 273: New Solid-State Sub-Booster and Ele
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Page 304 and 305: 8.1 Overview 8.1.1 Introduction L C
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Mu in the pole, for mu
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Gasload (Torr-l/sec-cm) (x10 -12 )
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8.10.4 Conclusion L C L S C O N C E
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x θ j > 0 L C L S C O N C E P T U
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Quad ∆X/µm Quad ∆Y/µm −500
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∆X/µm ∆Y/µm L C L S C O N C E
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8.13.2 Undulator Cell Structure L C
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9.2 Layout and Optics 9.2.1 Experim
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Fast Valve L C L S C O N C E P T U
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0.01 10 -4 10 -6 10 -8 10 -10 10 -1
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Table 9.5 Mirror requirements L C L
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Refractive Focusing System L C L S
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Pulse Split/Delay L C L S C O N C E
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Figure 9.20 LCLS Ion Chamber L C L
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9.4.3.2 Pulse Length L C L S C O N
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9.4.3.6 Divergence L C L S C O N C
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10 Conventional Facilities TECHNICA
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1-2002 8560A198 Linac Center Line L
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Figure 10.6 Near hall floor plan 10
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11 Controls TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The
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11.5.3 Motion Controls L C L S C O
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12.1 Procedural Overview L C L S C
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13 Environment, Safety and Health a
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Table 13-1 Hazard Identification an
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13.1 Ionizing Radiation The design
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Table 13-2 Minimum Training Require
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13.10 SLAC References L C L S C O N
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L C L S D E S I G N S T U D Y R E P
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15 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Work Breakdow
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A A.1 FEL-Physics A.1.1 Performance
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A.2 Photo-Injector A.2.1 Gun-Laser
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A.2.3.2 Electron Beam L C L S C O N
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A.2.4.7 Vacuum L C L S C O N C E P
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A.3.8 DL-2 A.3.8.1 Subsystem L C L
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A.4 Undulator A.4.1 Undulator A.4.1
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B Control Points B.1 Injector Contr
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C Glossary ACO Anneaux Collisions O
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