LCLS Conceptual Design Report - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation ...

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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T Figure 8.1 Contours of constant saturation length. While the wavelength of the light produced is always 1.5 Å, the magnetic field strength in the undulator is adjusted with the undulator period length according to Halbach's formula [3], and the energy of the electron beam is changed as needed to preserve the wavelength of the light. All numbers are in meters. Figure 8.2 Same as Figure 8.1 expect that the wavelength is 15 Å. 8-6 ♦ U N D U L A T O R
L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T 8.2.3 Irregularities and Imperfections The linear theory of high gain is well developed now (see, for example, [5]). Nevertheless, the design of a real magnetic system for a short-wavelength high-gain FEL requires consideration of an inhomogeneous magnetic system with focusing quadrupoles inserted into the breaks between undulator segments. Field, steering, and alignment errors must be considered. The linear time-independent code RON [1,2] was written for the optimization of such magnetic systems. It has been cross-checked with 3D codes such as GINGER and GENESIS and was used successfully for the design optimization of the Argonne FEL [6]. This code has now also been used for the optimization of the <strong>LCLS</strong> undulator line. The simplest way to provide proper focusing is to use a FODO lattice, and this choice has been made for the <strong>LCLS</strong> project. The magnetic system of the undulator will consist of undulator segments with breaks between the segments where quadrupoles and beam position monitors will be installed. After every third undulator segment, the break will be longer so that photon diagnostics can be installed as well. This layout is geometrically similar to the existing APS FEL except that the photon diagnostics are only after every third undulator segment. Another lattice based on quadrupole triplets between undulator segments was considered and rejected because of very tight tolerances for the relative alignment of the three-quadrupole centers. The following parameter choices were made, based on the results of RON [1,2] calculations: • The optimal undulator segment length was found to be near 3.4 m. For shorter lengths, the "filling factor" is less, making the effective power gain length longer. (This assumes that the break length is kept at about 0.2 m, which is required for the quadrupoles.) For longer lengths, the power gain length at a beam energy of 4.5 GeV increases due to the larger variation of the beta function within the undulator. The longer lengths are also more difficult mechanically, given the demanding tolerances. • The optimal average value for the beta function was found to be 18 m. The focal lengths of the quadrupoles are chosen accordingly. • The break lengths between undulator segments were optimized by calculating the corrections to the "resonance" break length due to the effect of finite emittance and diffraction. • An option that included magnetic bunchers between the undulator segments was considered and optimized. No significant improvement was found, so no magnetic bunchers are included in the undulator line design. • The effect of the residual trajectory errors after simulated beam-based alignment [7] was calculated for the optimized undulator. The increase of the saturation length was found to be less than 5 m. U N D U L A T O R ♦ 8-7
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Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I
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Preface This Conceptual Design Repo
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Table of Contents 1 Executive Summa
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6. Two experiment halls L C L S C O
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2.7.1.7 Conventional Facilities L C
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3 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Scientific Bas
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5 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS FEL Parameters
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and the total peak beam power L C L
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5.4.2.2 Case II - High Charge Limit
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∆P ∆I sat pl / P / I sat pk L C
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5.9 Summary L C L S C O N C E P T U
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6 Injector TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The i
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εn,x (µm) 4 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A95
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Quantum Yield (electrons/photon) 10
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Bz (T) 0.3 0.2 0.1 1-2002 8560A92 L
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Master Clock 9.917 MHz x8 x6 x6 Df
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1-2002 8560A198 Linac Center Line L
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B z (kG) 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A91 L C L
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γε x,y (µm) 3 2 1 0 3-2001 8560A
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γεx,y (µm) yn 10 0 -10 -10 0 10
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σ γ /γ 0 (percent) ∆N/N 0.02 0
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5 0 -5 5 0 -5 5 0 -5 L C L S C O N
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Table 6.5 PARMELA Output Parameters
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gama x (micro.m) 3 2 1 0 0 L C L S
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∆E/E 0 (%) ∆N/N 0 -1 -2 0.02 0
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〈∆E/E 0 〉 /% I pk /I pk0 0.1
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β (m) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 K21_1B
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β (m) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 L C L S
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economic reasons. L C L S C O N C E
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Page 268 and 269: Phase [deg. S-band] L C L S C O N C
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Page 304 and 305: 8.1 Overview 8.1.1 Introduction L C
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8.10.4 Conclusion L C L S C O N C E
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x θ j > 0 L C L S C O N C E P T U
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Quad ∆X/µm Quad ∆Y/µm −500
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∆X/µm ∆Y/µm L C L S C O N C E
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8.13.2 Undulator Cell Structure L C
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9.2 Layout and Optics 9.2.1 Experim
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Fast Valve L C L S C O N C E P T U
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0.01 10 -4 10 -6 10 -8 10 -10 10 -1
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Table 9.5 Mirror requirements L C L
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Refractive Focusing System L C L S
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Pulse Split/Delay L C L S C O N C E
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Figure 9.20 LCLS Ion Chamber L C L
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9.4.3.2 Pulse Length L C L S C O N
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9.4.3.6 Divergence L C L S C O N C
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10 Conventional Facilities TECHNICA
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1-2002 8560A198 Linac Center Line L
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Figure 10.6 Near hall floor plan 10
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11 Controls TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The
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11.5.3 Motion Controls L C L S C O
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12.1 Procedural Overview L C L S C
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13 Environment, Safety and Health a
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Table 13-1 Hazard Identification an
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13.1 Ionizing Radiation The design
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Table 13-2 Minimum Training Require
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13.10 SLAC References L C L S C O N
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L C L S D E S I G N S T U D Y R E P
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15 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Work Breakdow
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A A.1 FEL-Physics A.1.1 Performance
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A.2 Photo-Injector A.2.1 Gun-Laser
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A.2.3.2 Electron Beam L C L S C O N
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A.2.4.7 Vacuum L C L S C O N C E P
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A.3.8 DL-2 A.3.8.1 Subsystem L C L
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A.4 Undulator A.4.1 Undulator A.4.1
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B Control Points B.1 Injector Contr
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C Glossary ACO Anneaux Collisions O
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