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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T Figure 8.55 Undulator trajectories in the cell. The x-ray diagnostics setup will provide absolute measurements (within 10%) of spectral flux after each undulator cell. The growth rate could be derived from the measured flux at successive diagnostics stations. The growth rate of the flux is a valuable means of evaluating and studying the development of the SASE process. The spatial flux distribution for one undulator cell is the superposition of radiation from three undulator segments. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the x-ray diagnostics to the angular misalignment of undulator segments, e-beam trajectories in the first and third undulator segments in the cell are given a missteering angle θmis (Figure 8.55). A series of calculations of spontaneous radiation for a cell have been performed for a nominal electron beam emittance of 0.05 nm·rad at a photon energy of 8.29 keV and at a distance of 60 m from the undulator cell. This 8.29 keV energy is detuned slightly, towards higher energy, from the fundamental energy of 8.27 keV, in order to reduce the angular divergence of the undulator radiation. The calculated spatial intensity distribution is shown in Figure 8.56 for a missteering angle of 4 µrad, and calculated horizontal profiles are shown in Figure 8.57 for missteering angles of 2, 3, and 4 µrad. The figures show that a missteering of 4 µrad can be clearly discerned if the diagnostics station is far enough from the undulator cell. Figure 8.56 Calculated spatial distribution of the undulator radiation from a three-undulator cell with a missteering θ mis = 4 µrad, an electron beam emittance of 0.05 nm·rad, and a photon energy of 8.29 keV, at 60 m from the undulator segments. 8-92 ♦ U N D U L A T O R
L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T Measurements of the spatial distribution of radiation generated in each undulator cell will complement the electron beam-based alignment, but will not substitute for it. x-ray diagnostics will be especially useful in the first steps of the beam-based alignment procedure. Knowing the calculated flux distribution and the efficiency of the x-ray diagnostics, one can estimate the required sensitivity of the system at 60 m, which was found to be 5·10 2 electrons/pixel/shot for a 7x7 µm 2 pixel CCD. That is substantially above the CCD noise level. Appropriate filtering in front of the CCD will keep the flux in the last diagnostics stations within the dynamic range (about 10 5 e - per pixel) of the detector. Figure 8.57 Horizontal profiles of the undulator radiation for missteering angles θ mis of 2, 3 and 4 µrad. When the on-axis diagnostics stations are in use, the electron beam will always be hitting the diamond crystal in one of the diagnostics stations. The electron beam energy loss in a 200-µm- thick diamond crystal is equal to 0.25 MeV/particle and independent of whether the beam energy is 4.5 or 14.5 GeV. As a result, a 1 nC electron beam deposits an average power of 30 mW for a 120 Hz repetition rate. Finite element analysis shows that the most simple cooling design (clamped crystal, no coolant) will lead to a 0.06 µrad slope error on the crystal, which is negligibly small compared with the 10 µrad width of the crystal rocking curve. After exiting the crystal, the electron beam will have an angular spread of 40 µrad (rms). U N D U L A T O R ♦ 8-93
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Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I
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Preface This Conceptual Design Repo
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Table of Contents 1 Executive Summa
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6. Two experiment halls L C L S C O
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2.7.1.7 Conventional Facilities L C
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3 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Scientific Bas
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5 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS FEL Parameters
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and the total peak beam power L C L
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5.4.2.2 Case II - High Charge Limit
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∆P ∆I sat pl / P / I sat pk L C
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5.9 Summary L C L S C O N C E P T U
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6 Injector TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The i
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εn,x (µm) 4 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A95
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Quantum Yield (electrons/photon) 10
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Bz (T) 0.3 0.2 0.1 1-2002 8560A92 L
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Master Clock 9.917 MHz x8 x6 x6 Df
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1-2002 8560A198 Linac Center Line L
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B z (kG) 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A91 L C L
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γε x,y (µm) 3 2 1 0 3-2001 8560A
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γεx,y (µm) yn 10 0 -10 -10 0 10
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σ γ /γ 0 (percent) ∆N/N 0.02 0
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5 0 -5 5 0 -5 5 0 -5 L C L S C O N
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Table 6.5 PARMELA Output Parameters
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gama x (micro.m) 3 2 1 0 0 L C L S
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∆E/E 0 (%) ∆N/N 0 -1 -2 0.02 0
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〈∆E/E 0 〉 /% I pk /I pk0 0.1
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β (m) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 K21_1B
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β (m) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 L C L S
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economic reasons. L C L S C O N C E
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Phase [deg. S-band] L C L S C O N C
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New Solid-State Sub-Booster and Ele
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7.8.2 Bunch Length Diagnostics L C
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Magnet String Location Existing, Ne
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8.1 Overview 8.1.1 Introduction L C
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Mu in the pole, for mu
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Page 420 and 421: Refractive Focusing System L C L S
Page 424 and 425: Pulse Split/Delay L C L S C O N C E
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Figure 10.6 Near hall floor plan 10
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11 Controls TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The
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11.5.3 Motion Controls L C L S C O
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12.1 Procedural Overview L C L S C
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13 Environment, Safety and Health a
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Table 13-1 Hazard Identification an
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13.1 Ionizing Radiation The design
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Table 13-2 Minimum Training Require
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13.10 SLAC References L C L S C O N
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L C L S D E S I G N S T U D Y R E P
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15 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Work Breakdow
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A A.1 FEL-Physics A.1.1 Performance
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A.2 Photo-Injector A.2.1 Gun-Laser
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A.2.3.2 Electron Beam L C L S C O N
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A.2.4.7 Vacuum L C L S C O N C E P
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A.3.8 DL-2 A.3.8.1 Subsystem L C L
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A.4 Undulator A.4.1 Undulator A.4.1
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B Control Points B.1 Injector Contr
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C Glossary ACO Anneaux Collisions O
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