LCLS Conceptual Design Report - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation ...

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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T the chamfer. Once the magnetic gap of the undulator is determined, the maximum size for the vacuum chamber is also set. The difference between undulator gap and vacuum chamber outside dimension must include allowances for mechanical variations of 0.20 mm, an allowance for the difference between the magnetic model calculation and reality of 0.12 mm (this is based on the measured variation in the APS standard undulator segments A), and an allowance for uncertainty in the magnet material remanent field of 0.08 mm. This adds up to a total of 0.40 mm. Thus, if the nominal magnetic gap of the undulator is to be 6 mm, the maximum external dimension of the vacuum chamber is 5.6 mm. Although building a prototype undulator segment may allow some relaxation in this difference, it will not be large. Some options were considered for ways to increase the minimum gap of the undulator. The magnets and poles could be wedged, but this only increased the field by about 3%. It would allow an increase in the gap by about 0.3 mm, but wedging the magnets and poles is an expensive alternative. The small increase in undulator gap was not deemed to be worthwhile. Wedging the magnet would also mean that the magnet blocks would not be symmetric top-to-bottom. If the magnet blocks are symmetric, the option exists to turn them over if, for instance, reversing the vertical component of the block’s magnetic moment would improve the overall undulator magnetic field. Roll-off: Field strength vs x Local X coord Local Y coord Local Z coord 13897.0 13896.5 13896.0 13895.5 13895.0 13894.5 13894.0 13893.5 13893.0 13892.5 13892.0 0.0 -3.0 0.0 1.0 -3.0 0.0 2.0 -3.0 0.0 Component: BY, Integral = 69478.1 3.0 -3.0 0.0 4.0 -3.0 0.0 5.0 -3.0 0.0 UNITS Length : mm Magn Flux Den : gauss Magnetic field : oersted Magn Scalar Pot : oersted-cm Magn Vector Pot : gauss-cm Elec Flux Den : C cm -2 Electric field : V cm -1 Conductivity : S cm -1 Current density : A cm -2 Power : erg s -1 Force : dyne Energy : erg PROBLEM DATA osca/lcls30/f3d3026b.op3 TOSCA Magnetostatic Non-linear materials Simulation No 1 of 1 10231 elements 45239 nodes Nodal fields LOCAL COORDS. Xlocal = 0.0 Ylocal = 0.0 Zlocal = 0.0 Theta = 0.0 Phi = 0.0 Psi = 0.0 11/May/2000 01:49:38 Page 59 OPERA-3d Post-Processor 7.1 Figure 8.12 On-axis field strength under the pole vs. transverse position. A difference in field strength by ∆B/B = 1.3×10 -4 occurs at transverse positions of ±2.9 mm. 8-26 ♦ U N D U L A T O R
8.5.3 Undulator Segment Ends L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I G N R E P O R T It is critical that the trajectory of the electrons be straight through the undulator line. The undulator will be tuned magnetically to keep the trajectory straight through the undulator. Attention must be paid to the design of the ends, as well as their implementation, in order to avoid a trajectory kick or offset. Ideally, the undulator segments will have neither kick nor offset. This can be achieved in the design by making the strengths of the end poles in the sequence 1/4, -3/4, 1, –1, ... because that end configuration gives zero angle and zero displacement to the beam trajectory. In the first approximation, this is accomplished by making the last magnet only half as strong as the rest of the magnets. The magnet will be made weaker by baking it to increasingly higher temperatures, until the desired strength is reached. There will also be a magnetic shield at each end of the undulator segment to limit how far the end field extends. This shield will be in place when the undulator segment is tuned, so its effect will be included in the magnetic measurements. Proper phasing between undulator segments also demands proper tuning of the undulator segment ends. The magnetic phasing must match the physical distance between undulator segments. End phase tuning techniques were developed for the APS FEL that could tune the phasing by ±38°; these techniques will be applied to the LCLS undulator segments. It is, of course, preferable to start with a mechanical break distance that matches the phasing achieved with no tuning of the undulator segment ends. The original calculations for different break distances assumed that the ends of the undulator segments have sharp magnetic cutoffs. In reality, of course, the ends aren't sharp, so those break distances need to be adjusted before final dimensioned plans are made. The necessary correction has been estimated by scaling from the 3.3-cm undulator segments of the APS FEL. The correction changes the regular short and long break lengths from 231 and 463 mm, respectively, for sharp segment ends, to 187 and 421 mm. This is not a negligible correction, especially when accumulated over many undulator segments. The proper corrections for the real undulator will be determined once the prototype undulator segment is assembled and measured. 8.6 Mechanical Design 8.6.1 Design of Magnetic Structure The 3.4 meter long LCLS undulator segment has a fixed 6-mm pole gap. The design approach, developed for the LCLS, will allow extremely precise tolerances to be achieved. These tolerances are mandatory for the proper operation of this device. A cross-section of the undulator segment housing and pole structure is detailed in Figure 8.13. Figure 8.14 is an enlarged cross- sectional view of the magnets and their holders. The tolerances for the device are listed in Table 8.4. U N D U L A T O R ♦ 8-27
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Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
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L C L S C O N C E P T U A L D E S I
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Preface This Conceptual Design Repo
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Table of Contents 1 Executive Summa
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6. Two experiment halls L C L S C O
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2.7.1.7 Conventional Facilities L C
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3 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Scientific Bas
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5 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS FEL Parameters
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and the total peak beam power L C L
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5.4.2.2 Case II - High Charge Limit
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∆P ∆I sat pl / P / I sat pk L C
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5.9 Summary L C L S C O N C E P T U
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6 Injector TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The i
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εn,x (µm) 4 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A95
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Quantum Yield (electrons/photon) 10
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Bz (T) 0.3 0.2 0.1 1-2002 8560A92 L
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Master Clock 9.917 MHz x8 x6 x6 Df
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1-2002 8560A198 Linac Center Line L
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B z (kG) 3 2 1 4-2001 8560A91 L C L
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γε x,y (µm) 3 2 1 0 3-2001 8560A
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γεx,y (µm) yn 10 0 -10 -10 0 10
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σ γ /γ 0 (percent) ∆N/N 0.02 0
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5 0 -5 5 0 -5 5 0 -5 L C L S C O N
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Table 6.5 PARMELA Output Parameters
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gama x (micro.m) 3 2 1 0 0 L C L S
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∆E/E 0 (%) ∆N/N 0 -1 -2 0.02 0
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〈∆E/E 0 〉 /% I pk /I pk0 0.1
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β (m) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 K21_1B
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β (m) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 L C L S
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economic reasons. L C L S C O N C E
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Phase [deg. S-band] L C L S C O N C
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New Solid-State Sub-Booster and Ele
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Page 278 and 279: 7.8.2 Bunch Length Diagnostics L C
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Quad ∆X/µm Quad ∆Y/µm −500
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∆X/µm ∆Y/µm L C L S C O N C E
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8.13.2 Undulator Cell Structure L C
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9.2 Layout and Optics 9.2.1 Experim
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Fast Valve L C L S C O N C E P T U
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0.01 10 -4 10 -6 10 -8 10 -10 10 -1
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Table 9.5 Mirror requirements L C L
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Refractive Focusing System L C L S
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Pulse Split/Delay L C L S C O N C E
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Figure 9.20 LCLS Ion Chamber L C L
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9.4.3.2 Pulse Length L C L S C O N
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9.4.3.6 Divergence L C L S C O N C
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10 Conventional Facilities TECHNICA
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1-2002 8560A198 Linac Center Line L
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Figure 10.6 Near hall floor plan 10
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11 Controls TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS The
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11.5.3 Motion Controls L C L S C O
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12.1 Procedural Overview L C L S C
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13 Environment, Safety and Health a
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Table 13-1 Hazard Identification an
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13.1 Ionizing Radiation The design
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Table 13-2 Minimum Training Require
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13.10 SLAC References L C L S C O N
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L C L S D E S I G N S T U D Y R E P
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15 TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS Work Breakdow
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A A.1 FEL-Physics A.1.1 Performance
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A.2 Photo-Injector A.2.1 Gun-Laser
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A.2.3.2 Electron Beam L C L S C O N
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A.2.4.7 Vacuum L C L S C O N C E P
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A.3.8 DL-2 A.3.8.1 Subsystem L C L
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A.4 Undulator A.4.1 Undulator A.4.1
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B Control Points B.1 Injector Contr
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C Glossary ACO Anneaux Collisions O
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