From Responsibility to Response: Assessing National - Brookings

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CHAPTER 1 Assessing National Approaches to Internal Displacement: Findings from 15 Countries better system for handling queries from IDPs, reception centers were established that IDPs can visit in order to obtain information and register their concerns through a case management system. In addition, regular “townhall meetings” of the minister with IDP communities, visits by the minster to IDP collective centers, and regular participation by senior ministry officials in forums for dialogue with IDP representatives provide further access. 14 In Afghanistan, a national IDP committee (no longer in existence), with which ministry officials and even the president consulted, was established by the ministry together with UNHCR with a view to facilitating and enhancing dialogue, consultations and joint planning of the return process. When a central or district coordinating committee exists for relevant government entities and other partners, in some cases representatives of civil society groups are included as members of the committee (as in the Central African Republic, Georgia, Nepal and Uganda). However, it is important to note that in several cases the selection of the participating civil society representatives is to be done by the government (as in the Central African Republic, Nepal and Uganda). For instance, in Uganda, the District Disaster Management Committee, which serves as “the lead agency for the protection and assistance of internally displacement persons” at the district level, includes two IDPS, one woman and one man, who are resident in the camps in the district; selection of the IDP representatives is determined by the committee. Conclusion Designating an institutional focal point for IDPs should be a relatively straightforward task for governments. It appears that this is an easier step for a government to take than to draft a law on displacement, devise a mechanism for collecting data on IDPs or support durable solutions for IDPs. Moreover, once an institutional focal point has been named, the office can take on responsibility 14 See the Georgia case study in chapter 2 of this volume. 96 for these and all other actions to protect and assist IDPs as outlined in the benchmarks. Thus, the designation of a national institutional focal point can be an important propeller of progress in other areas of national responsibility for addressing internal displacement. The research indicates that all but two governments of the fifteen surveyed had designated a national institutional focal point. On one level, that suggests that this is, indeed, among the easier steps for governments to take (though typically, they do so only several years into a crisis). But scratch the surface a little, and the picture is less encouraging: these institutions tend to be “third-tier” bodies that are under-resourced and located within low-priority, low-prestige ministries or offices having limited political leverage, creating problems of leadership and coordination. Simply designating a focal point therefore is not necessarily a clear indication of a government’s commitment to addressing internal displacement; a clearer, more nuanced indication would be provided by a measure of the priority and support given to the focal point. While our research seems to support the value of having a focal point at least in the initial stages of displacement, the question arises of whether having a national IDP focal point facilitates or frustrates efforts to integrate IDP issues into the broader government framework. This issue becomes more critical as displacement becomes protracted. After a decade of displacement, for example, it may be more important that the Ministry of Education has incorporated measures to ensure the access of IDP children to public schools than it is that a focal point has been charged with interministerial coordination. Further, the experience in the case studies also shows that designating an institutional focal point is just the first step. Governments must also ensure that this body has access to all the required support—technical, financial, operational and political—to carry out its functions. Moreover, it is often, though not always, the case that separate institutional entities are given responsibility for internal displacement due to different causes, with
a division of functions being made between conflict-induced displacement, disaster-induced displacement and development-induced displacement. While the nature of the response will differ with the cause of displacement and the particular needs that it entails, the basic standards in terms of IDPs’ rights are the same, underscoring the need of a degree of institutional consistency Benchmark 7 Designate an Institutional Focal Point on IDPs 97 and coordination. In general, capacity gaps and inadequate coordination—especially among different ministries and among different levels of government—tend to be significant and common challenges that must be addressed in order for the government’s institutional framework to be fully effective in practice.
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The Brookings Institution - London
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From Responsibility to Response: As
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CONTENTS Acronyms .................
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ACRONYMS AIHRC Afghanistan Independ
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FOREWORD It is with great pleasure
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Given the large num
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It is a central tenet of internatio
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legislation relevant to IDPs. Still
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amend existing ones, in line with t
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Background and Aims of the Study In
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displacement persists for several y
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operationalizing the responsibiliti
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Therefore, it is not surprising tha
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Azerbaijani, Chinese, French, Portu
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National Initiatives In Iraq, IOM p
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of the country. 62 In addition, six
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in French and Spanish depending on
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serves only to supplant and absolve
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CHAPTER 1 Assessing National Approa
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Benchmark 1 Benchmark 1 Prevent Dis
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Benchmark 1 Prevent Displacement an
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Benchmark 2 Raise National Awarenes
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Conclusion Benchmark 2 Raise Nation
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Benchmark 3 Data Collection on Inte
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Benchmark 10 Establish the Conditio
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Benchmark 11 Allocate Adequate Reso
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also ordered the National Council f
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In Sri Lanka, 16 it is difficult to
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Conclusion As indicated in the intr
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Benchmark 12 Cooperation with Inter
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North Darfur, Sudan/ A woman collec
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CHAPTER 2 Case Studies Georgia, Ken
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Georgia From Solidarity to Solution
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Kenya National Response to Internal
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Afghanistan Internal Displacement i
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Sri Lanka Gaps in the Government Re
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Domestic Financing Foreign financin
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This study seeks to shed light on h
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CHAPTER 3 Translating National Resp
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For each country case study, the ex
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5 6 Ensure a Legal Framework for Up
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9 9 a) Facilitate IDPs’ Participa
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12 Cooperate with International Com
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The Brookings Institution - London
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