A Beginner's View of Our Electric Universe - New

Just before the copper projectile struck the surface of Tempel 1 at more than 10 kilometres per second, some
pictures were taken by its doomed on-board camera that were transmitted back to the Deep Impact probe. Those
images revealed the surface of the comet to have two round craters.
Tempel 1’s 2 craters Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Maryland/Cornell
This was the first time that astro-scientists had actually seen what
they then swiftly assumed were ‘impact craters’ on the surface of a
comet. Previous close-up images of both comet Halley and Borrelly
had shown no craters, but interestingly, clear images of comet Wild 2
had revealed many ‘circular depressions’. These were judged at the
time as a puzzle hard to account for so a clear explanation was not
forthcoming. Those depressions also had flat bottoms; that being a
common feature of many craters found on the Moon, on Mars and
on Mercury. The typical explanation for flat-bottomed craters is that
after an impact event, molten lava from beneath the surface crust of
the impacted body has oozed out, levelled off and cooled to form a
smooth base. Consider this idea in terms of relatively tiny comets in
cold space. It is close to impossible that they would ever have had lava
under their surfaces, so what are we to make of this lava idea?
As is the case with the two craters found on Tempel 1, Wild 2’s depressions are actually the result of electrical
surface machining by the powerful material removal action of EDM. This happens in two ways: by close
contact and subsequent catastrophic electrical discharge between bodies or slowly as less powerful discharge
currents flow between the comet’s nucleus and its oppositely charged space environment to erode material
and leave sharply defined features. These are the fundamental processes at the root of most craters and surface
scarring, no matter on what size of body they are found. Note in particular that in the images now available and
because material is being removed directly to space, there is a lack of rocky debris lying around the locations
of these electrical events.
We spoke earlier about planet and moon capture and the chaotic, close interplay that would have gone on between
those bodies. Many of the planets, moons, comets and asteroids as individual charged bodies would have come
close to one another. Discharge events between them would therefore have taken place that likely produced
most of the cratering and surface scarring we see on these bodies today. Since then, similar electrical actions
will also have taken place, they no doubt still continue and always will as comets pass through differentially
charged regions of plasma and come close to oppositely charged bodies.
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