A Beginner's View of Our Electric Universe - New

Recommendations

Info

These are all examples that involve the influence of the energy represented by the EM spectrum. Its range is enormous and the EM radiation it represents influences and is responsible for so many things and events in our everyday lives; many of which we take for granted and therefore have no idea of what lies behind them. Not too long ago I saw the EM spectrum described in a very thought-provoking way in a television science documentary. An estimate for the length of the total Electro-Magnetic Spectrum (EMS) was represented by the distance between the Earth and the Sun which is 93 million miles. It turned out that the length within this EMS representation that would be the section of visible light our eyes can detect, would be only 8 inches long. Think about it, 8 inches out of 93 million miles. Wow! In terms of the full EMS this is a very insignificant fraction that represents absolutely everything that our eyes are limited to seeing! What if our eyes could see more of the EMS than they do, what would it be like if our vision went beyond that tiny ‘visible light’ portion? Thinking about this lets us appreciate that there exists all around us much more invisible EM information, which if we could see it, would reveal a very different picture of our world and our surroundings in space than we are used to. Remember the old film … “The Man with the X-ray Eyes”? Well, science and technology has provided the means to give us what that science-fiction adventure suggested, so we are now able to see (observe) with our equipment, much more than our eyes alone are capable of, not just on Earth but out in the universe too. The EMS stretches from the lowest form of radio signal right up to the most energetic and deadly gamma rays that mostly come to us from deep space. Although high-energy radiation is harmful for us, we generate it here on Earth with equipment we build for medical, scientific and commercial uses. In our everyday lives we are constantly exposed to some form of EM radiation to some degree or other. Most of the frequencies (wavelengths) of radiation with their typical power levels, are harmless to us here on the surface of the Earth. However some, like ultra-violet light, X-rays and gamma rays, will in certain circumstances destroy human tissue. The EMS has a fundamental link with frequencies at the sub-atomic level for all elements and with the energy levels these frequencies represent. The thing to keep in mind here is this fundamental link between frequency and energy, where the way this works in everyday life is that we have low frequencies with low energy and high frequencies with high energy. As an example from both these extremes, we have sensitive radio receivers capable of picking up weak low frequency radio signals at the bottom end of the spectrum, then we have gamma rays at the high end that would smash the atoms in our bodies apart if they were to strike them. Another term, which for the sake of being complete I will now say more about, is ‘wavelength’. This is directly associated with ‘frequency’ where one complete wave (one wavelength) is the same as one complete cycle of frequency, or to bring in another term, one full ‘oscillation’. The most common form of a wave is a sinusoidal wave or ‘sine wave’. Sine waves normally occur in a constant series of complete cycles or wavelengths, the distance between any two similar points being termed the wavelength of the cycle. 75 | Some basic theory that will help
A wavelength is measured in metres, centimetres, millimetres, micrometres, nanometres, picometres, femtometres or attometres and its associated frequency is normally measured in Hertz (Hz). For instance, where we talk about having a radio frequency of 145Mhz (which means 145 million cycles, wavelengths or oscillations per second) then this frequency is said to have a wavelength of around 2 metres in length. This is saying that because the radio wave is travelling at the speed of light, 300,000 kilometres per second, it will advance a distance of approximately 2 meters as it completes one full cycle of frequency (one wavelength or one oscillation). Here we have introduced another important thing to remember. The EMS has a direct relationship with the speed of light, where all EM radiation travels at 300,000 kilometres per second - in a vacuum. A Sine Wave and the “Cycle” and “Wavelength” relationship © author The visible spectrum, the tiny spread of frequency that goes from red through all the other colours to violet, is all from the EMS that we humans are visually aware of. The colourful world we are used to seeing is therefore a limited view of what is really available for we fool ourselves into believing that ‘what we see is all there is’ - a notion that, as I have already said, is so very far from the truth. The visible portion of the Electro-Magnetic Spectrum © author All EM radiation is photon energy, the production of which we know about from our previous discussion. Our senses other than sight and touch do not have a direct relationship with the EMS; for instance; smell and taste are chemically based and hearing is mechanically based around variations in air pressure. Touch might be thought of as mechanical but it can also be considered as more. Here we have the sensation of temperature awareness which is actually the sensitivity of the nerves in our dermal layers to infra-red (heat) radiation. This should put our senses in some relationship with the EMS. We are happy with the senses we have because the information they provide us with is all that we have ever been aware of. On this basis is easy to see that we are not that well equipped by our five rather limited senses to detect the wider presence of EM radiation in our environment. Here are some examples of EM radiation that exist around us or of which we make use on a daily basis ... 76 | Some basic theory that will help ONE CYCLE (OR WAVELENGTH)
Page 2 and 3:
A Beginner’s View of Our Electric
Page 4 and 5:
Contents Dedication Acknowledgement
Page 6 and 7:
science book, this book will requir
Page 8 and 9:
Dedication For my wife Nora, my swe
Page 10 and 11:
Gerard, your eye for detail has bee
Page 12 and 13:
Foreword I continue to be amazed at
Page 14 and 15:
And so why should the theories behi
Page 16 and 17:
After having spent a good deal of t
Page 18 and 19:
In terms of what I felt I could do
Page 20 and 21:
In addition, my desire is to by-pas
Page 22 and 23:
Each and every one of these things
Page 24 and 25:
He believed that by including dark
Page 26 and 27:
They are further thought of as star
Page 28 and 29:
White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Pulsar
Page 30 and 31:
Redshift [1-10] , in the context of
Page 32 and 33:
We have all seen Craters [1-13] in
Page 34 and 35:
Despite this being the case it seem
Page 36 and 37: There have of course been very impo
Page 38 and 39: Having reached this point with grav
Page 40 and 41: make. People are not born to be sci
Page 42 and 43: The process of nuclear fusion is no
Page 44 and 45: We looked earlier at dark energy as
Page 46 and 47: This is just not possible to reconc
Page 48 and 49: to the effects of assumed, colossal
Page 50 and 51: They have therefore failed on every
Page 52 and 53: Comets were first described in 1950
Page 54 and 55: “If the Earth’s orbit were repr
Page 56 and 57: What if this powerful process based
Page 58 and 59: One such very expensive experiment
Page 60 and 61: … Young stars have been found in
Page 62 and 63: In the normal state where everythin
Page 64 and 65: We will go back to our model of a s
Page 66 and 67: The four fundamental states of matt
Page 68 and 69: on how much of an ‘encouraging fo
Page 70 and 71: Dark Mode: (Low Energy) • • •
Page 72 and 73: If a hydrogen atom has its single e
Page 74 and 75: 63 | Some basic theory that will he
Page 76 and 77: On the domestic scene, we often fin
Page 78 and 79: We experience two types of magnetis
Page 80 and 81: Getting back to electric currents a
Page 82 and 83: Here, the often powerful radiation
Page 84 and 85: This twisted form will come as no s
Page 88 and 89: • • • • • • • • Rad
Page 90 and 91: Helium is a gas with 2 protons and
Page 92 and 93: 5 | The work of the honourable but
Page 94 and 95: Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790) was
Page 96 and 97: Birkeland’s name will be remember
Page 98 and 99: Here are some of Alfvén’s other
Page 100 and 101: Ralph E Juergens (1924 - 1979) [5-6
Page 102 and 103: This has been a look back into hist
Page 104 and 105: Donald E Scott. [5-11] is the third
Page 106 and 107: Many of these ‘star objects’ ap
Page 108 and 109: These variables are: regions of vas
Page 110 and 111: If a straight split of a star is ac
Page 112 and 113: There is one other item to highligh
Page 114 and 115: Producing planets and moons: I ment
Page 116 and 117: Here, it has been suggested that ju
Page 118 and 119: Given what has been said so far, go
Page 120 and 121: As development progressed in radio
Page 122 and 123: The way we do this today, however,
Page 124 and 125: Note that Nova is the name given to
Page 126 and 127: Is this a pipe-dream? I do not know
Page 128 and 129: Here is what this experiment infers
Page 130 and 131: This time, however, the types of ma
Page 132 and 133: Visually, it appears to us that bot
Page 134 and 135: that have no other significant valu
Page 136 and 137:
In real life, a capacitor has two m
Page 138 and 139:
The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud
Page 140 and 141:
As mentioned previously, comet Holm
Page 142 and 143:
There are many other visual observa
Page 144 and 145:
Astro-scientists interpret these pl
Page 146 and 147:
Asteroids and comets are fundamenta
Page 148 and 149:
When meteoroids become meteors as t
Page 150 and 151:
Geology thoughts: I have looked clo
Page 152 and 153:
Just before the copper projectile s
Page 154 and 155:
It seems once again that what was k
Page 156 and 157:
We can closely inspect many craters
Page 158 and 159:
Consider the ‘doctored’ image o
Page 160 and 161:
The central peaks often seen inside
Page 162 and 163:
Vast areas of the hemispheres of pl
Page 164 and 165:
How is it that the small bodies of
Page 166 and 167:
Monument Valley Arizona - Source Wi
Page 168 and 169:
The similarities between this chasm
Page 170 and 171:
‘As seen in numerous counterparts
Page 172 and 173:
It may therefore be NASA and ESA th
Page 174 and 175:
These gullies have an almost errati
Page 176 and 177:
Flat Top Mesa It may just be me, bu
Page 178 and 179:
In terms of the job I originally se
Page 180 and 181:
Given that these electrical process
Page 182 and 183:
We need to find the more worthy sci
Page 184 and 185:
important reason behind me writing
Page 186 and 187:
And finally ... Why should any of t
Page 188 and 189:
[1-13] Wikipedia article - “Impac
Page 190 and 191:
Chapter Five References: [5-1] Kris
Page 192 and 193:
[6-23] Wal Thornhill, “Mystery of
Page 194 and 195:
[6-5 ] TPOD - “Meteor Crater in A
show all

A Beginner's View of Our Electric Universe - New

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?