A Beginner's View of Our Electric Universe - New

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• • • • • • • • Radio waves for communications Microwaves for cooking and communications Radar for safety, security and weather Infra-red radiated heat for all forms of warmth and comfort Illumination of various sorts Ultra-Violet light for revealing things normally invisible and for getting a tan from the Sun X-rays that show cracks in metal fabrications and allow pictures of our bones to be produced Gamma rays that kill cancer cells and destroy harmful bacteria So there we have it: absolutely everything that can be called EM radiation comes about through electrons being forced to temporarily absorb energy then release it in the energy packets we call photons. These released photons then have particular frequency and energy attributes that are associated with the energy level and type of matter they originated from. Nuclear Fission This is the process by which an atom’s nucleus is made to break apart and release great amounts of energy in the process. Normally, this involves a certain variety of the element uranium which when used in today’s nuclear fission reactors is responsible for generating electrical power in a large number of countries around the world who have chosen to adopt this process. The Nuclear Fission process © author Nuclear fission is inherently dangerous and it is also potentially harmful in terms of the environment. This is due to its waste products being difficult to handle and requiring great care and security in terms of where and how they are stored because they are destined to remain with us in a dangerous radioactive form for many thousands of years. However, as the decision-making process around fission 77 | Some basic theory that will help
power reactors is centred around finance, they are popular because they are cheap to run. This is fine when they are operated properly, but the fact remains that the fission process is definitely risky and a very costly one in more ways than just financial. In fission reactors the process involves a type of uranium, the atoms of which are struck by high-energy (highspeed) neutrons that split the nuclei of those uranium atoms apart. When this happens the sub-atomic particles from the original nucleus fly apart and there is a release of energy that is no longer required to hold things together. Further neutrons are released during this process that go on to collide with yet other atoms of uranium; and so the same process is repeated in a very rapid cascade-type fashion. You might imagine this chain-reaction could run away with itself and go out of control, and you would be correct, so it has to be deliberately regulated. This is done by employing carbon rods to absorb some of the powerful sub-atomic particles that are flying around. When these carbon rods are deeply inserted inside the reactor core, the overall energy generated will be at a relatively moderate level. As the rods are then withdrawn, more interaction is allowed between neutrons and the atoms of uranium, so a greater amount of energy is generated. The useful energy released in the form of heat is then used to boil water that produces steam which in turn drives turbines connected to electrical generators that eventually produce electrical power. This is what goes on in our nuclear power stations today. Nuclear Fusion You can look upon nuclear fusion as being (at the atomic level) the opposite of fission as it is the process where atomic nuclei are forced together rather than split apart. Nuclear fusion has been presented to us as the process that allows our Sun to work by changing a form of hydrogen gas into helium gas and releasing great amounts of energy as it does that. The Nuclear Fusion process © author The current thermonuclear model of the Sun says that it is a gigantic ball of hydrogen gas and that nuclear fusion is taking place at its core. Here, the fusion process is due to forms of hydrogen nuclei being compressed by extreme physical pressure and agitated with tremendous temperatures so that they fuse together to form new nuclei of helium. During this process excess neutrons are released. To further explain this ... 7 | Some basic theory that will help
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A Beginner’s View of Our Electric
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Contents Dedication Acknowledgement
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science book, this book will requir
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Dedication For my wife Nora, my swe
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Gerard, your eye for detail has bee
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Foreword I continue to be amazed at
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And so why should the theories behi
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After having spent a good deal of t
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In terms of what I felt I could do
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In addition, my desire is to by-pas
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Each and every one of these things
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He believed that by including dark
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They are further thought of as star
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White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Pulsar
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Redshift [1-10] , in the context of
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We have all seen Craters [1-13] in
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Despite this being the case it seem
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There have of course been very impo
Page 38 and 39: Having reached this point with grav
Page 40 and 41: make. People are not born to be sci
Page 42 and 43: The process of nuclear fusion is no
Page 44 and 45: We looked earlier at dark energy as
Page 46 and 47: This is just not possible to reconc
Page 48 and 49: to the effects of assumed, colossal
Page 50 and 51: They have therefore failed on every
Page 52 and 53: Comets were first described in 1950
Page 54 and 55: “If the Earth’s orbit were repr
Page 56 and 57: What if this powerful process based
Page 58 and 59: One such very expensive experiment
Page 60 and 61: … Young stars have been found in
Page 62 and 63: In the normal state where everythin
Page 64 and 65: We will go back to our model of a s
Page 66 and 67: The four fundamental states of matt
Page 68 and 69: on how much of an ‘encouraging fo
Page 70 and 71: Dark Mode: (Low Energy) • • •
Page 72 and 73: If a hydrogen atom has its single e
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Page 76 and 77: On the domestic scene, we often fin
Page 78 and 79: We experience two types of magnetis
Page 80 and 81: Getting back to electric currents a
Page 82 and 83: Here, the often powerful radiation
Page 84 and 85: This twisted form will come as no s
Page 86 and 87: These are all examples that involve
Page 90 and 91: Helium is a gas with 2 protons and
Page 92 and 93: 5 | The work of the honourable but
Page 94 and 95: Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790) was
Page 96 and 97: Birkeland’s name will be remember
Page 98 and 99: Here are some of Alfvén’s other
Page 100 and 101: Ralph E Juergens (1924 - 1979) [5-6
Page 102 and 103: This has been a look back into hist
Page 104 and 105: Donald E Scott. [5-11] is the third
Page 106 and 107: Many of these ‘star objects’ ap
Page 108 and 109: These variables are: regions of vas
Page 110 and 111: If a straight split of a star is ac
Page 112 and 113: There is one other item to highligh
Page 114 and 115: Producing planets and moons: I ment
Page 116 and 117: Here, it has been suggested that ju
Page 118 and 119: Given what has been said so far, go
Page 120 and 121: As development progressed in radio
Page 122 and 123: The way we do this today, however,
Page 124 and 125: Note that Nova is the name given to
Page 126 and 127: Is this a pipe-dream? I do not know
Page 128 and 129: Here is what this experiment infers
Page 130 and 131: This time, however, the types of ma
Page 132 and 133: Visually, it appears to us that bot
Page 134 and 135: that have no other significant valu
Page 136 and 137: In real life, a capacitor has two m
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The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud
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As mentioned previously, comet Holm
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There are many other visual observa
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Astro-scientists interpret these pl
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Asteroids and comets are fundamenta
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When meteoroids become meteors as t
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Geology thoughts: I have looked clo
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Just before the copper projectile s
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It seems once again that what was k
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We can closely inspect many craters
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Consider the ‘doctored’ image o
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The central peaks often seen inside
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Vast areas of the hemispheres of pl
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How is it that the small bodies of
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Monument Valley Arizona - Source Wi
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The similarities between this chasm
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‘As seen in numerous counterparts
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It may therefore be NASA and ESA th
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These gullies have an almost errati
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Flat Top Mesa It may just be me, bu
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In terms of the job I originally se
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Given that these electrical process
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We need to find the more worthy sci
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important reason behind me writing
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And finally ... Why should any of t
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[1-13] Wikipedia article - “Impac
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Chapter Five References: [5-1] Kris
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[6-23] Wal Thornhill, “Mystery of
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[6-5 ] TPOD - “Meteor Crater in A
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