A Beginner's View of Our Electric Universe - New

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Each and every one of these things is explained to us through the gravity theories of the SM of the universe. I now end this story that is unacceptable to me but there are some other things to say before we move on to talk about the problems that many people have with it. The human view It is important to appreciate how we humans tend to think. For those of us who like to think deeply, our truly limited abilities only become apparent when we attempt to consider what can be seen out there in space. We ask ourselves if we will ever be able to appreciate the fact that what we are looking at is only a tiny snapshot in time in the overall existence of our universe, whatever that scale of time may be. It is sobering to think that the best impression we can achieve would have no great relevance within a single tick of the universal clock; it would be no time at all. However, as we humans naïvely tend to do, we look out there with our current level of understanding and equipment and feel that it all does or can make sense to us. Gathering knowledge is undoubtedly among the best of pursuits, but for some of us, our know-it-all tendency goes further and leads us to think we actually do understand it all. In truth, we might actually be incapable of considering the unimaginably vast amount of time and number and types of events that have gone before us. It is during that period gone by that everything we now observe in space was formed and moved around over unimaginable distances under the influence of unimaginable forces that were acting on unimaginable amounts of matter travelling at unimaginable speeds. I think that we are very arrogant indeed if we believe we have a good grasp of what our universe is about and what it has gone through during countless eons. Is it not typical for us humans to be cocky about our capabilities and levels of achievement? We have been told by astro-science that the things I have mentioned: the gas, the first giant gas stars, the second more solid matter-inclusive stars, the dust and the galaxies that subsequently formed, all have been influenced by one force alone; the force of gravity. This view has lingered with us for many decades and has not changed in any significant way. The seeds from which it grew were sown back in the 1700s when an understanding of the effects of the force of gravity was first developed. Scientists and astronomers welcomed this for they saw the beginnings of a ‘fundamental golden theory’ that they could take forward and use to develop their own lines of research. This focus was indeed nurtured by many through the rest of the 1700s, 1800s and into the early part of the 1900s. And the theories since derived have turned out to be the pillars on which a questionable story of the origin of our universe has evolved to become, superficially, a very believable one. Strangely, it seems to us today in the 21 st century that this ‘trustworthy information’ has always been there, for most of us have just accepted it without question as the story of how the universe came to be and how it currently functions. 11 | What the problem is
Knowledge of the force of gravity was indeed very important to science and it was at the heart of many ideas that evolved throughout the 1900s. Through prior auto-acceptance of the major role that gravity played, other ideas associated with it were also easily accepted as scientific fact. We will look at some of these other theories that involved gravity and which evolved as part of the SM during the 1900s. Here we have Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Inflation, White Dwarfs, Pulsars, Neutron Stars, Magnetars, Black Holes and Nova events. There are more, but these will do for now. First I will tell you that we do not know what any of these things are supposed to look like, so the following graphics in no way represent actual physical objects or events. They are included only to help in imagining the concepts being described. Before talking about Dark Matter and Dark Energy, I need to say something about the composition of our universe. This is the mixture of ‘stuff’ and ‘forces’ that astro-science says can explain its appearance and behaviour. The amount of ‘physical matter’ in the total universe that can actually be seen or otherwise detected or estimated by us, has been calculated to be only 4% of the total amount of matter that is actually present [1-2a] . This © author estimate is based only on objects and events that have resulted from gas and dust and the effects of gravity acting on those forms of matter. What then makes up the other 96% that mathematics tells today’s astro-scientists is there? This is where their calculations have produced a division of this figure to say that dark matter is around 24% and dark energy is around 72%. 12 | What the problem is HOLDING THINGS TOGETHER The stuff we can see and detect Dark Matter is a name chosen by the Bulgarian astronomer Fritz Zwicky. He came up with it to describe a special type of matter he thought was needed to explain the binding force that seems to exist within and between galaxies. For Zwicky, this would be the force that keeps structures such as galaxies together and the one that in an overall sense stops everything from flying apart; this ‘flying apart’ aspect being the problem Zwicky wanted to solve in 1933 because it was a problem for the SM at the time. Zwicky calculated that if dark matter was placed at strategic locations within and around galaxies, the gravity it produced would save the original ideas on galaxy creation and behaviour. 4% 24% Dark Matter Galaxies and the Stars inside being held together © author 72% Dark Energy
Page 2 and 3: A Beginner’s View of Our Electric
Page 4 and 5: Contents Dedication Acknowledgement
Page 6 and 7: science book, this book will requir
Page 8 and 9: Dedication For my wife Nora, my swe
Page 10 and 11: Gerard, your eye for detail has bee
Page 12 and 13: Foreword I continue to be amazed at
Page 14 and 15: And so why should the theories behi
Page 16 and 17: After having spent a good deal of t
Page 18 and 19: In terms of what I felt I could do
Page 20 and 21: In addition, my desire is to by-pas
Page 24 and 25: He believed that by including dark
Page 26 and 27: They are further thought of as star
Page 28 and 29: White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, Pulsar
Page 30 and 31: Redshift [1-10] , in the context of
Page 32 and 33: We have all seen Craters [1-13] in
Page 34 and 35: Despite this being the case it seem
Page 36 and 37: There have of course been very impo
Page 38 and 39: Having reached this point with grav
Page 40 and 41: make. People are not born to be sci
Page 42 and 43: The process of nuclear fusion is no
Page 44 and 45: We looked earlier at dark energy as
Page 46 and 47: This is just not possible to reconc
Page 48 and 49: to the effects of assumed, colossal
Page 50 and 51: They have therefore failed on every
Page 52 and 53: Comets were first described in 1950
Page 54 and 55: “If the Earth’s orbit were repr
Page 56 and 57: What if this powerful process based
Page 58 and 59: One such very expensive experiment
Page 60 and 61: … Young stars have been found in
Page 62 and 63: In the normal state where everythin
Page 64 and 65: We will go back to our model of a s
Page 66 and 67: The four fundamental states of matt
Page 68 and 69: on how much of an ‘encouraging fo
Page 70 and 71: Dark Mode: (Low Energy) • • •
Page 72 and 73:
If a hydrogen atom has its single e
Page 74 and 75:
63 | Some basic theory that will he
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On the domestic scene, we often fin
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We experience two types of magnetis
Page 80 and 81:
Getting back to electric currents a
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Here, the often powerful radiation
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This twisted form will come as no s
Page 86 and 87:
These are all examples that involve
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• • • • • • • • Rad
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Helium is a gas with 2 protons and
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5 | The work of the honourable but
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Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790) was
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Birkeland’s name will be remember
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Here are some of Alfvén’s other
Page 100 and 101:
Ralph E Juergens (1924 - 1979) [5-6
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This has been a look back into hist
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Donald E Scott. [5-11] is the third
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Many of these ‘star objects’ ap
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These variables are: regions of vas
Page 110 and 111:
If a straight split of a star is ac
Page 112 and 113:
There is one other item to highligh
Page 114 and 115:
Producing planets and moons: I ment
Page 116 and 117:
Here, it has been suggested that ju
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Given what has been said so far, go
Page 120 and 121:
As development progressed in radio
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The way we do this today, however,
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Note that Nova is the name given to
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Is this a pipe-dream? I do not know
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Here is what this experiment infers
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This time, however, the types of ma
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Visually, it appears to us that bot
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that have no other significant valu
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In real life, a capacitor has two m
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The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud
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As mentioned previously, comet Holm
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There are many other visual observa
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Astro-scientists interpret these pl
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Asteroids and comets are fundamenta
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When meteoroids become meteors as t
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Geology thoughts: I have looked clo
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Just before the copper projectile s
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It seems once again that what was k
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We can closely inspect many craters
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Consider the ‘doctored’ image o
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The central peaks often seen inside
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Vast areas of the hemispheres of pl
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How is it that the small bodies of
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Monument Valley Arizona - Source Wi
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The similarities between this chasm
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‘As seen in numerous counterparts
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It may therefore be NASA and ESA th
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These gullies have an almost errati
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Flat Top Mesa It may just be me, bu
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In terms of the job I originally se
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Given that these electrical process
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We need to find the more worthy sci
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important reason behind me writing
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And finally ... Why should any of t
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[1-13] Wikipedia article - “Impac
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Chapter Five References: [5-1] Kris
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[6-23] Wal Thornhill, “Mystery of
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[6-5 ] TPOD - “Meteor Crater in A
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