The Babylonian World - Historia Antigua

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— Babylonian seals — Figure 7.27 Hero fighting lion. Inscribed ‘For his Lord, Marduk-apla-iddina’. Chalcedony. 3.6 × 1.6. Baghdad, Iraq Museum IM 67920. Photograph courtesy of L. al-Gailani Werr (Collon 1987, no. 369; Collon 2003: 10*–12*, Fig. 1). Figure 7.28 A god (Ninurta or Marduk?) and mythical beasts. Erratic seven-line dedicatory inscription to Nabu fitted around the design, with a later two-line dedication naming ‘Eriba- Marduk, the king’ added in larger, untidy script, perhaps by Merodach-Baladan (his son or grandson), in whose time the seal must have been cut. Chalcedony. 3.5 × 1.71. Mossène Foroughi collection (Porada 1993: 578–81, Fig. 46; Collon 2003: 12*–13*, Fig. 2). 115
— Dominique Collon — generally rampant but occasionally inverted (Figures 7.30 and 7.31). It was this design – the three-figure contest – that was reintroduced into Assyria, after a long absence (cf. Collon 1987, no. 288 for a Middle Assyrian prototype), and I have suggested that Babylonian craftsmen, who had been carried into exile by Tiglath-pileser III in 729 BC and by Sargon II in 710 BC, were responsible for this (Collon 2001: 165–7; Collon 2003). With their greater expertise in the cutting of hard stones, these craftsmen revolutionised Assyrian seal cutting, with the fusion of the two traditions producing some of the finest glyptic in the 3,000-year history of the cylinder seal (e.g. Collon 2001, pls XXXVIII and XXXIX top). Babylonian versions can be identified because of the very fine tools used (Figure 7.32) and the fact that the four wings are of equal length, whereas in Assyria the lower wings are longer. The same features appear on scenes showing winged figures flanking a distinctive type of stylised rosette tree (Figure 7.33). These seals may belong to the seventh century BC, but examples are difficult to date as there is a dearth of surviving archives. By the end of the seventh century, however, there seems to have been a decline, both in seal-cutting techniques and in creative imagination, that extends throughout the sixth century, long after the fall of Babylon to the Achaemenid king, Cyrus the Great, in 539 BC and at least until year 22 of Darius I (500 BC) (Zettler 1979; Graziani 1989). The types used are illustrated by impressions on tablets from a number of Babylonian administrative archives, several of which have been published. The principal ones are those of the Egibi family of bankers active in Babylon between around 585 BC for about a century (Wunsch 1993, 1997–98, 2000a, b), those of the Ebabbar Temple in Sippar (MacGinnis 1995), and those of the Eanna Temple in Figure 7.29 Winged heroes with bird and sphinx; filling motif. Grey chalcedony. 3.6 × 1.6. BM ANE 100674 (1905-10-14, 2) (Collon 2001, no. 327). 116
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD As the layers
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD Edited by Gwe
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* Translation is on p. 591. Lebensa
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— Contents — 11 Food and drink
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 2.1 Sustaini
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— Illustrations — 10.7 Portrait
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CONTRIBUTORS Tzvi Abusch is Rose B
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— Contributors — Dominique Coll
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— Contributors — Frans van Kopp
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— Contributors — Eleanor Robson
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Gwendolyn
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— Introduction — mid-second mil
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— Introduction — that ‘belong
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— Introduction — persisted in t
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— Introduction — who, at differ
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CHAPTER TWO THE WORLD OF BABYLONIAN
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— The world of Babylonian country
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CHAPTER THREE LAND AND LAND USE The
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— Land and land use — past cons
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— Land and land use — Figure 3.
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— Land and land use — December.
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— Land and land use — districts
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— Land and land use — however,
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— Land and land use — BIBLIOGRA
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— Land and land use — ---- 2001
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Oth
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— Agricultural techniques — wit
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— Agricultural techniques — The
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Page 90 and 91: — Urban form in the first millenn
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Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER SIX ARCHITECTURE IN THE OLD
Page 106 and 107: — Architecture in the Old Babylon
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER SEVEN BABYLONIAN SEALS 1 D
Page 120 and 121: — Babylonian seals — (a) (b) (c
Page 122 and 123: — Babylonian seals — Figure 7.6
Page 126 and 127: — Babylonian seals — ruler he s
Page 130 and 131: 1 1 — Babylonian seals — An ext
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Page 146 and 147: — Babylonian seals — MacGinnis,
Page 148 and 149: — Babylonian sources of exotic ra
Page 164 and 165: CHAPTER NINE CLOTH IN THE BABYLONIA
Page 166 and 167: — Cloth in the Babylonian World
Page 178 and 179: CHAPTER TEN THE BABYLONIAN VISUAL I
Page 180 and 181: — The Babylonian visual image —
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— The Babylonian visual image —
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sˇūkil akalu sˇiqi kurunnu eris
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— Food and drink in Babylonia —
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PART III ECONOMIC LIFE 185
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— Johannes Renger — stands in c
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— Johannes Renger — eventually
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— Johannes Renger — fertility o
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— Johannes Renger — utensils ma
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— Johannes Renger — BIBLIOGRAPH
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE OLD BABYLONIAN
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— Anne Goddeeris — of the craft
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— Anne Goddeeris — silver could
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— Anne Goddeeris — waves during
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— Anne Goddeeris — SOME CHARACT
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— Anne Goddeeris — could consis
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
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— Frans van Koppen — its territ
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— Frans van Koppen — Figure 14.
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— Frans van Koppen — The durati
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— Frans van Koppen — for many b
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— Frans van Koppen — provincial
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— Frans van Koppen — BIBLIOGRAP
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN THE BABYLONIAN ECON
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— Michael Jursa — cereal farmin
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— Michael Jursa — were determin
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— Michael Jursa — main point of
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— Michael Jursa — Given these b
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— Michael Jursa — of Joannès 2
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN THE EGIBI FAMILY C
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— Cornelia Wunsch — aside every
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— Cornelia Wunsch — of a hired
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— Cornelia Wunsch — Figure 16.1
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— Cornelia Wunsch — qa = 3600 n
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— Cornelia Wunsch — The committ
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PART IV SOCIETY AND POLITICS 249
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— Petr Charvát — Figure 17.1 S
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— Petr Charvát — In warfare th
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— Petr Charvát — Early Dynasti
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— Petr Charvát — their obligat
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— Petr Charvát — NOTES 1 Coope
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— Petr Charvát — 97 On them cf
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— Petr Charvát — Rehm, Ellen 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — Figure
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— Walther Sallaberger — Babylon
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— Walther Sallaberger — (Maul 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — of good
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— Walther Sallaberger — the bes
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CHAPTER NINETEEN POWER, ECONOMY AND
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Figure 19.1
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— Gebhard J. Selz — influence o
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Mesopotamia
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— Gebhard J. Selz — and loan. N
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— Gebhard J. Selz — distrust in
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CHAPTER TWENTY ARAMEANS AND CHALDEA
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— Frederick Mario Fales — and c
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— Frederick Mario Fales — level
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Figur
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Babyl
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— Frederick Mario Fales — the w
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— Laura D. Steele — experiences
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.1
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.2
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— Laura D. Steele — as large as
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — novel but l
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— Laura D. Steele — Dandamaev,
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— Laura D. Steele — ---- (1995b
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CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO THE ROLE AND FUN
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— The role and function of goddes
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— Inanna and Ishtar in the Babylo
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — E
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — i
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — T
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — t
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — 7
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — B
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE DIVINATION CULT
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— Divination culture and the hand
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX WITCHCRAFT LITER
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— Witchcraft literature in Mesopo
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN INCANTATIONS W
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— Incantations within Akkadian me
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— Letters in the Amorite world
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— Mathematics, metrology and prof
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who ‘generously bestowed upon [th
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— Babylonian lists of words and s
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CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE GILGAMESH AND TH
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— Gilgamesh and the literature of
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— Mesopotamian astral science —
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CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE LATE BABYLONIA
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— Late Babylonian intellectual li
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PART VII INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ba
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— David A. Warburton — both Egy
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— David A. Warburton — But thes
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Table 34.1 Middle Babylonian period
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— David A. Warburton — forces i
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— David A. Warburton — of Esarh
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— David A. Warburton — but such
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— David A. Warburton — contrast
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— David A. Warburton — set off
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— Trevor Bryce — Figure 35.1 Th
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— Trevor Bryce — in the region
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— Trevor Bryce — But for the re
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— Trevor Bryce — an acrimonious
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— Trevor Bryce — king Kashtilia
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— Trevor Bryce — Gasche, H., Ar
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— P. S. Vermaak — In our presen
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— P. S. Vermaak — The spelling
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— P. S. Vermaak — Nippur (moder
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— P. S. Vermaak — such as Ugari
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— P. S. Vermaak — Brown, S. (19
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— P. S. Vermaak — ---- and Vida
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— Hannes D. Galter — 2000 BCE,
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— Hannes D. Galter — The reason
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Mesopotami
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— Hannes D. Galter — new lord o
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— Hannes D. Galter — ---- 2006
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— Baruch A. Levine — Biblical l
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— Baruch A. Levine — presented
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— Baruch A. Levine — Among othe
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— Baruch A. Levine — the word o
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— Baruch A. Levine — when the c
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— Baruch A. Levine — as coming
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— Baruch A. Levine — punishment
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— Baruch A. Levine — The prophe
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— Baruch A. Levine — Habakkuk
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— Baruch A. Levine — The same c
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CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE THE PERSIAN EMP
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Figure 39.1 D
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Memphis, in L
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by Jews. Neig
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by the king,
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— Amélie Kuhrt — dress, elabor
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— Amélie Kuhrt — The one autho
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— Amélie Kuhrt — C. Waerzegger
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ancestor cult 270, 281 Andarig 401
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cuneiform: tablets 1, 54; writing 9
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gift exchange 272-3, 491, 511 Gilga
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leaching 57-8 lead 127 leeks 46 len
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omens 253, 299, 303, 361-71, 373, 3
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soil 55; cultivation 57; improvemen
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Zabalam 18, 268 Zagros mountains 12
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