The Babylonian World - Historia Antigua

More documents

Recommendations

Info

— The Babylonian visual image — Figure 10.3 Lu-Nanna votive portrait, 1792–1750 BC. Copper and gold. Height 19.6 cm (Musée du Louvre). 161
— Zainab Bahrani — What is depicted here is the magic of representation itself, as a process of referentiality. This kind of ‘image magic’ was fundamental to Babylonian ritual and religious practices. A votive portrait is an image that represents the worshipper in an act of prayer before the god for all time. Because, according to the Mesopotamian system of belief, the image was a valid substitute for the person, a place in which the essence of the represented person was manifest, the votive portrait became a double of the individual represented and could become a form of presence, a substitute, praying in place of that person, for all time (Bahrani 1995, 2003). The referential process that is underscored in the imagery of this votive sculpture was essential for ritual in Babylonian religion. Image making was, therefore, a necessary part of religious beliefs and social rituals in Babylonia. Visual images were able to effect change in their own right, and did not simply reflect, or depict, the world of the Babylonians, but took part in the creation of that Babylonian world. THE BOUNDARY STONE The genre or category of monument known as Kassite Kudurru to archaeologists is one that is associated with the Kassite dynasty of Babylonia (fifteenth–twelfth centuries). This categorisation is in fact problematic, however. A variety of objects have been categorised as Kudurru in museums around the world and in popular books on Mesopotamian art and archaeology, yet the majority of these artefacts were made after the end of the Kassite dynasty (Brinkman 1980–1983; Seidel 1980–1983, 1989; Slanski 2003). It is therefore best to refer to the monuments in question as Babylonian Kudurru stones. The term Kudurru is an ancient one (CAD vol. 8: 495). It is a term usually translated as boundary stone. But the grouping of a number of objects under this genre is a result of the working method of modern scholarship. The Kudurrus (Aakkadian plural is Kudurreti or Kadaru) are polished boulders of an irregular cylindrical shape, ranging from about 30–70 cm in height, carved in relief all the way around with symbols or sacred objects. They are usually made of a hard stone such as black basalt or limestone, or of diorite, and are carved with cuneiform texts and numerous symbols of the gods. These stones seem to record decrees of land to officials by the Babylonian king. The standard iconography of the reliefs consists of the deity symbols and, in several examples, images of the people involved in the land grant; namely, the ruler and the recipient of the land. The Kudurrus are described as boundary stones, yet they have not been uncovered by archaeologists in locations that can lead to any conclusions about their use as boundary markers in fields. The Kudurrus have been discovered only in the south of Iraq and are thus a Babylonian type of monument. A large number of the Babylonian Kudurrus were taken as war booty from Babylonia to Iran and were, therefore, discovered in a secondary context, in Susa (Harper et al. 1992: 178–182). Furthermore, it has been argued that the surfaces of the Kudurru stones, even those that have been found in Babylonia, do not appear to have been exposed to the elements for any extended amount of time. This condition of the surfaces has led scholars to conclude that the Kudurrus must have been placed in temples, where they stood as copies of boundary stones that were placed outdoors, in fields. 162
Page 2 and 3:
THE BABYLONIAN WORLD As the layers
Page 4 and 5:
THE BABYLONIAN WORLD Edited by Gwe
Page 6:
* Translation is on p. 591. Lebensa
Page 9 and 10:
— Contents — 11 Food and drink
Page 11 and 12:
ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 2.1 Sustaini
Page 13 and 14:
— Illustrations — 10.7 Portrait
Page 15 and 16:
CONTRIBUTORS Tzvi Abusch is Rose B
Page 17 and 18:
— Contributors — Dominique Coll
Page 19 and 20:
— Contributors — Frans van Kopp
Page 21 and 22:
— Contributors — Eleanor Robson
Page 24 and 25:
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Gwendolyn
Page 26 and 27:
— Introduction — mid-second mil
Page 28 and 29:
— Introduction — that ‘belong
Page 30 and 31:
— Introduction — persisted in t
Page 32:
— Introduction — who, at differ
Page 36 and 37:
CHAPTER TWO THE WORLD OF BABYLONIAN
Page 38 and 39:
— The world of Babylonian country
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
CHAPTER THREE LAND AND LAND USE The
Page 64 and 65:
— Land and land use — past cons
Page 66 and 67:
— Land and land use — Figure 3.
Page 68 and 69:
— Land and land use — December.
Page 70 and 71:
— Land and land use — districts
Page 72 and 73:
— Land and land use — however,
Page 74 and 75:
— Land and land use — BIBLIOGRA
Page 76 and 77:
— Land and land use — ---- 2001
Page 78 and 79:
— Agricultural techniques — Fig
Page 80 and 81:
— Agricultural techniques — Fig
Page 82 and 83:
— Agricultural techniques — Oth
Page 84 and 85:
— Agricultural techniques — wit
Page 86 and 87:
— Agricultural techniques — The
Page 88 and 89:
— Agricultural techniques — Pet
Page 90 and 91:
— Urban form in the first millenn
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100:
Page 104 and 105:
CHAPTER SIX ARCHITECTURE IN THE OLD
Page 106 and 107:
— Architecture in the Old Babylon
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
CHAPTER SEVEN BABYLONIAN SEALS 1 D
Page 120 and 121:
— Babylonian seals — (a) (b) (c
Page 122 and 123:
— Babylonian seals — Figure 7.6
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
— Babylonian seals — ruler he s
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
1 1 — Babylonian seals — An ext
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135: 1 1 — Babylonian seals — Figure
Page 136 and 137: — Babylonian seals — Figure 7.2
Page 144 and 145: — Babylonian seals — mostly cor
Page 146 and 147: — Babylonian seals — MacGinnis,
Page 148 and 149: — Babylonian sources of exotic ra
Page 164 and 165: CHAPTER NINE CLOTH IN THE BABYLONIA
Page 166 and 167: — Cloth in the Babylonian World
Page 178 and 179: CHAPTER TEN THE BABYLONIAN VISUAL I
Page 180 and 181: — The Babylonian visual image —
Page 194 and 195: sˇūkil akalu sˇiqi kurunnu eris
Page 196 and 197: — Food and drink in Babylonia —
Page 208: PART III ECONOMIC LIFE 185
Page 211 and 212: — Johannes Renger — stands in c
Page 213 and 214: — Johannes Renger — eventually
Page 215 and 216: — Johannes Renger — fertility o
Page 217 and 218: — Johannes Renger — utensils ma
Page 219 and 220: — Johannes Renger — BIBLIOGRAPH
Page 221 and 222: CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE OLD BABYLONIAN
Page 223 and 224: — Anne Goddeeris — of the craft
Page 225 and 226: — Anne Goddeeris — silver could
Page 227 and 228: — Anne Goddeeris — waves during
Page 229 and 230: — Anne Goddeeris — SOME CHARACT
Page 231 and 232: — Anne Goddeeris — could consis
Page 233 and 234: CHAPTER FOURTEEN ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
Page 235 and 236:
— Frans van Koppen — its territ
Page 237 and 238:
— Frans van Koppen — Figure 14.
Page 239 and 240:
— Frans van Koppen — The durati
Page 241 and 242:
— Frans van Koppen — for many b
Page 243 and 244:
— Frans van Koppen — provincial
Page 245 and 246:
— Frans van Koppen — BIBLIOGRAP
Page 247 and 248:
CHAPTER FIFTEEN THE BABYLONIAN ECON
Page 249 and 250:
— Michael Jursa — cereal farmin
Page 251 and 252:
— Michael Jursa — were determin
Page 253 and 254:
— Michael Jursa — main point of
Page 255 and 256:
— Michael Jursa — Given these b
Page 257 and 258:
— Michael Jursa — of Joannès 2
Page 259 and 260:
CHAPTER SIXTEEN THE EGIBI FAMILY C
Page 261 and 262:
— Cornelia Wunsch — aside every
Page 263 and 264:
— Cornelia Wunsch — of a hired
Page 265 and 266:
— Cornelia Wunsch — Figure 16.1
Page 267 and 268:
— Cornelia Wunsch — qa = 3600 n
Page 269 and 270:
— Cornelia Wunsch — The committ
Page 272:
PART IV SOCIETY AND POLITICS 249
Page 275 and 276:
— Petr Charvát — Figure 17.1 S
Page 277 and 278:
— Petr Charvát — In warfare th
Page 279 and 280:
— Petr Charvát — Early Dynasti
Page 281 and 282:
— Petr Charvát — their obligat
Page 283 and 284:
— Petr Charvát — NOTES 1 Coope
Page 285 and 286:
— Petr Charvát — 97 On them cf
Page 287 and 288:
— Petr Charvát — Rehm, Ellen 2
Page 289 and 290:
— Walther Sallaberger — Figure
Page 291 and 292:
— Walther Sallaberger — Babylon
Page 293 and 294:
— Walther Sallaberger — (Maul 2
Page 295 and 296:
— Walther Sallaberger — of good
Page 297 and 298:
— Walther Sallaberger — the bes
Page 299 and 300:
CHAPTER NINETEEN POWER, ECONOMY AND
Page 301 and 302:
— Gebhard J. Selz — Figure 19.1
Page 303 and 304:
— Gebhard J. Selz — influence o
Page 305 and 306:
— Gebhard J. Selz — Mesopotamia
Page 307 and 308:
— Gebhard J. Selz — and loan. N
Page 309 and 310:
— Gebhard J. Selz — distrust in
Page 311 and 312:
CHAPTER TWENTY ARAMEANS AND CHALDEA
Page 313 and 314:
— Frederick Mario Fales — and c
Page 315 and 316:
— Frederick Mario Fales — level
Page 317 and 318:
— Frederick Mario Fales — Figur
Page 319 and 320:
— Frederick Mario Fales — Babyl
Page 321 and 322:
— Frederick Mario Fales — the w
Page 323 and 324:
— Laura D. Steele — experiences
Page 325 and 326:
— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
Page 327 and 328:
— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.1
Page 329 and 330:
— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.2
Page 331 and 332:
— Laura D. Steele — as large as
Page 333 and 334:
— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
Page 335 and 336:
— Laura D. Steele — novel but l
Page 337 and 338:
— Laura D. Steele — Dandamaev,
Page 339 and 340:
— Laura D. Steele — ---- (1995b
Page 342 and 343:
CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO THE ROLE AND FUN
Page 344 and 345:
— The role and function of goddes
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
— Inanna and Ishtar in the Babylo
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
— The Babylonian god Marduk — E
Page 374 and 375:
— The Babylonian god Marduk — i
Page 376 and 377:
— The Babylonian god Marduk — T
Page 378 and 379:
— The Babylonian god Marduk — t
Page 380 and 381:
— The Babylonian god Marduk — 7
Page 382 and 383:
— The Babylonian god Marduk — B
Page 384 and 385:
CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE DIVINATION CULT
Page 386 and 387:
— Divination culture and the hand
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX WITCHCRAFT LITER
Page 398 and 399:
— Witchcraft literature in Mesopo
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408:
Page 412 and 413:
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN INCANTATIONS W
Page 414 and 415:
— Incantations within Akkadian me
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
— Letters in the Amorite world
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
— Mathematics, metrology and prof
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
who ‘generously bestowed upon [th
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
— Babylonian lists of words and s
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE GILGAMESH AND TH
Page 472 and 473:
— Gilgamesh and the literature of
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
— Mesopotamian astral science —
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE LATE BABYLONIA
Page 498 and 499:
— Late Babylonian intellectual li
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508:
PART VII INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ba
Page 511 and 512:
— David A. Warburton — both Egy
Page 513 and 514:
— David A. Warburton — But thes
Page 515 and 516:
Table 34.1 Middle Babylonian period
Page 517 and 518:
— David A. Warburton — forces i
Page 519 and 520:
— David A. Warburton — of Esarh
Page 521 and 522:
— David A. Warburton — but such
Page 523 and 524:
— David A. Warburton — contrast
Page 525 and 526:
— David A. Warburton — set off
Page 527 and 528:
— Trevor Bryce — Figure 35.1 Th
Page 529 and 530:
— Trevor Bryce — in the region
Page 531 and 532:
— Trevor Bryce — But for the re
Page 533 and 534:
— Trevor Bryce — an acrimonious
Page 535 and 536:
— Trevor Bryce — king Kashtilia
Page 537 and 538:
— Trevor Bryce — Gasche, H., Ar
Page 539 and 540:
— P. S. Vermaak — In our presen
Page 541 and 542:
— P. S. Vermaak — The spelling
Page 543 and 544:
— P. S. Vermaak — Nippur (moder
Page 545 and 546:
— P. S. Vermaak — such as Ugari
Page 547 and 548:
— P. S. Vermaak — Brown, S. (19
Page 549 and 550:
— P. S. Vermaak — ---- and Vida
Page 551 and 552:
— Hannes D. Galter — 2000 BCE,
Page 553 and 554:
— Hannes D. Galter — The reason
Page 555 and 556:
— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
Page 557 and 558:
— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
Page 559 and 560:
— Hannes D. Galter — Mesopotami
Page 561 and 562:
— Hannes D. Galter — new lord o
Page 563 and 564:
— Hannes D. Galter — ---- 2006
Page 565 and 566:
— Baruch A. Levine — Biblical l
Page 567 and 568:
— Baruch A. Levine — presented
Page 569 and 570:
— Baruch A. Levine — Among othe
Page 571 and 572:
— Baruch A. Levine — the word o
Page 573 and 574:
— Baruch A. Levine — when the c
Page 575 and 576:
— Baruch A. Levine — as coming
Page 577 and 578:
— Baruch A. Levine — punishment
Page 579 and 580:
— Baruch A. Levine — The prophe
Page 581 and 582:
— Baruch A. Levine — Habakkuk
Page 583 and 584:
— Baruch A. Levine — The same c
Page 585 and 586:
CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE THE PERSIAN EMP
Page 587 and 588:
— Amélie Kuhrt — Figure 39.1 D
Page 589 and 590:
— Amélie Kuhrt — Memphis, in L
Page 591 and 592:
— Amélie Kuhrt — by Jews. Neig
Page 593 and 594:
— Amélie Kuhrt — by the king,
Page 595 and 596:
— Amélie Kuhrt — dress, elabor
Page 597 and 598:
— Amélie Kuhrt — The one autho
Page 599 and 600:
— Amélie Kuhrt — C. Waerzegger
Page 601 and 602:
ancestor cult 270, 281 Andarig 401
Page 603 and 604:
cuneiform: tablets 1, 54; writing 9
Page 605 and 606:
gift exchange 272-3, 491, 511 Gilga
Page 607 and 608:
leaching 57-8 lead 127 leeks 46 len
Page 609 and 610:
omens 253, 299, 303, 361-71, 373, 3
Page 611 and 612:
soil 55; cultivation 57; improvemen
Page 613 and 614:
Zabalam 18, 268 Zagros mountains 12
show all

The Babylonian World - Historia Antigua

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?