The Babylonian World - Historia Antigua

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— The Babylonian visual image — Figure 10.7 Portrait of a woman, third–second centuries BC. Alabaster, height 46 cm (courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum). 167
— Zainab Bahrani — Besides the text that narrates the events of the legal transfer of land and property rights, labels are at times written next to the deity symbols. Sometimes the inscriptions specifically call on the gods to sanction or oversee the agreement calling on ‘all the gods who are invoked by name on this kudurru’ (CAD: 495). Finally, curses are invoked upon those who break the agreement. In some examples of kudurrus, the text states that the monument itself has a name. For example, ‘Establisher of Perpetual Boundaries’ or ‘Do not cross the border, do not obliterate the boundary, hate evil and love good’ (Brinkman 1980–1983: 271). These names on the Kudurrus can give us an indication of their function. According to Babylonian religion and mythology, names were never random or external. In the Babylonian epic of creation, a thing does not exist until it is named and, therefore, names were considered to be in the essence of things in the world. This naming of monuments with proper names that invoke the protection of the gods is an ancient tradition in southern Babylonia, and appears in the earliest public monuments set up by Sumerian rulers. It is thus a continuation of a tradition that was ancient and traditional in the south of Babylonia. THE CITY: BABYLON The legendary walls of Babylon described by Herodotus and celebrated among the wonders of the ancient world can also be seen within the ancient tradition of image making in Mesopotamia. Babylon itself, it can be said, was a monument to rival all others. Its walls were counted among the wonders of the ancient world. The city walls were massive and the gates were decorated with magical apotropaic animals and hybrid mythical beasts. The bricks were moulded with relief figures. Images of the dragon of Marduk, the lion of Ishtar and the bull of Adad covered the walls of the Ishtar gate and the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II (604–562 BC) (Figure 10.6). These magical beasts protected the walls and invoked the protection of the gods in the same way as the images on other types Babylonian monuments. In the famed blue glazed upper parts of the Ishtar gate, now in the Berlin Museum, the lapis and turquoise colour and the shining glazed surfaces bring to mind the description of Babylon as ‘a gemstone suspended from the neck of the sky’ (Van De Mieroop 2003). This consciously chosen decorative program was in the tradition of Babylonian monumental arts, but applied to a city that was itself a monument. THE GRAECO-BABYLONIAN IMAGE Babylonian art is generally considered to end with the arrival of Alexander’s troops in 331 BC. However, a close analysis of arts produced during the late fourth and third centuries BC reveals that Babylonian iconographies and styles continued to be produced under the Macedonian and Seleucid rule. This continuity of traditional forms occurred alongside new styles that appear to mix the local preference for mixed media and decorative patterning with the idealising naturalism and smooth stone surfaces of Greek sculpture. Imported Greek works and styles begin to appear soon, but these are recognisable as different from the local works, and existed alongside a specifically local production. The hybrid mix between the Greek and the Babylonian 168
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD As the layers
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD Edited by Gwe
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* Translation is on p. 591. Lebensa
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— Contents — 11 Food and drink
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 2.1 Sustaini
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— Illustrations — 10.7 Portrait
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CONTRIBUTORS Tzvi Abusch is Rose B
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— Contributors — Dominique Coll
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— Contributors — Frans van Kopp
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— Contributors — Eleanor Robson
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Gwendolyn
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— Introduction — mid-second mil
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— Introduction — that ‘belong
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— Introduction — persisted in t
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— Introduction — who, at differ
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CHAPTER TWO THE WORLD OF BABYLONIAN
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— The world of Babylonian country
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CHAPTER THREE LAND AND LAND USE The
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— Land and land use — past cons
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— Land and land use — Figure 3.
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— Land and land use — December.
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— Land and land use — districts
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— Land and land use — however,
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— Land and land use — BIBLIOGRA
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— Land and land use — ---- 2001
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Oth
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— Agricultural techniques — wit
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— Agricultural techniques — The
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— Agricultural techniques — Pet
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— Urban form in the first millenn
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CHAPTER SIX ARCHITECTURE IN THE OLD
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— Architecture in the Old Babylon
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CHAPTER SEVEN BABYLONIAN SEALS 1 D
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— Babylonian seals — (a) (b) (c
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— Babylonian seals — Figure 7.6
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— Babylonian seals — ruler he s
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — An ext
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — Figure
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Page 140 and 141: — Babylonian seals — Figure 7.3
Page 142 and 143: — Babylonian seals — Figure 7.3
Page 144 and 145: — Babylonian seals — mostly cor
Page 146 and 147: — Babylonian seals — MacGinnis,
Page 148 and 149: — Babylonian sources of exotic ra
Page 164 and 165: CHAPTER NINE CLOTH IN THE BABYLONIA
Page 166 and 167: — Cloth in the Babylonian World
Page 178 and 179: CHAPTER TEN THE BABYLONIAN VISUAL I
Page 180 and 181: — The Babylonian visual image —
Page 194 and 195: sˇūkil akalu sˇiqi kurunnu eris
Page 196 and 197: — Food and drink in Babylonia —
Page 208: PART III ECONOMIC LIFE 185
Page 211 and 212: — Johannes Renger — stands in c
Page 213 and 214: — Johannes Renger — eventually
Page 215 and 216: — Johannes Renger — fertility o
Page 217 and 218: — Johannes Renger — utensils ma
Page 219 and 220: — Johannes Renger — BIBLIOGRAPH
Page 221 and 222: CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE OLD BABYLONIAN
Page 223 and 224: — Anne Goddeeris — of the craft
Page 225 and 226: — Anne Goddeeris — silver could
Page 227 and 228: — Anne Goddeeris — waves during
Page 229 and 230: — Anne Goddeeris — SOME CHARACT
Page 231 and 232: — Anne Goddeeris — could consis
Page 233 and 234: CHAPTER FOURTEEN ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
Page 235 and 236: — Frans van Koppen — its territ
Page 237 and 238: — Frans van Koppen — Figure 14.
Page 239 and 240: — Frans van Koppen — The durati
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— Frans van Koppen — for many b
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— Frans van Koppen — provincial
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— Frans van Koppen — BIBLIOGRAP
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN THE BABYLONIAN ECON
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— Michael Jursa — cereal farmin
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— Michael Jursa — were determin
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— Michael Jursa — main point of
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— Michael Jursa — Given these b
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— Michael Jursa — of Joannès 2
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN THE EGIBI FAMILY C
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— Cornelia Wunsch — aside every
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— Cornelia Wunsch — of a hired
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— Cornelia Wunsch — Figure 16.1
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— Cornelia Wunsch — qa = 3600 n
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— Cornelia Wunsch — The committ
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PART IV SOCIETY AND POLITICS 249
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— Petr Charvát — Figure 17.1 S
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— Petr Charvát — In warfare th
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— Petr Charvát — Early Dynasti
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— Petr Charvát — their obligat
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— Petr Charvát — NOTES 1 Coope
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— Petr Charvát — 97 On them cf
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— Petr Charvát — Rehm, Ellen 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — Figure
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— Walther Sallaberger — Babylon
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— Walther Sallaberger — (Maul 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — of good
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— Walther Sallaberger — the bes
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CHAPTER NINETEEN POWER, ECONOMY AND
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Figure 19.1
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— Gebhard J. Selz — influence o
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Mesopotamia
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— Gebhard J. Selz — and loan. N
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— Gebhard J. Selz — distrust in
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CHAPTER TWENTY ARAMEANS AND CHALDEA
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— Frederick Mario Fales — and c
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— Frederick Mario Fales — level
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Figur
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Babyl
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— Frederick Mario Fales — the w
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— Laura D. Steele — experiences
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.1
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.2
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— Laura D. Steele — as large as
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — novel but l
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— Laura D. Steele — Dandamaev,
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— Laura D. Steele — ---- (1995b
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CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO THE ROLE AND FUN
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— The role and function of goddes
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— Inanna and Ishtar in the Babylo
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — E
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — i
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — T
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — t
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — 7
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — B
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE DIVINATION CULT
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— Divination culture and the hand
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX WITCHCRAFT LITER
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— Witchcraft literature in Mesopo
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN INCANTATIONS W
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— Incantations within Akkadian me
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— Letters in the Amorite world
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— Mathematics, metrology and prof
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who ‘generously bestowed upon [th
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— Babylonian lists of words and s
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CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE GILGAMESH AND TH
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— Gilgamesh and the literature of
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— Mesopotamian astral science —
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CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE LATE BABYLONIA
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— Late Babylonian intellectual li
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PART VII INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ba
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— David A. Warburton — both Egy
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— David A. Warburton — But thes
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Table 34.1 Middle Babylonian period
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— David A. Warburton — forces i
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— David A. Warburton — of Esarh
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— David A. Warburton — but such
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— David A. Warburton — contrast
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— David A. Warburton — set off
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— Trevor Bryce — Figure 35.1 Th
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— Trevor Bryce — in the region
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— Trevor Bryce — But for the re
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— Trevor Bryce — an acrimonious
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— Trevor Bryce — king Kashtilia
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— Trevor Bryce — Gasche, H., Ar
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— P. S. Vermaak — In our presen
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— P. S. Vermaak — The spelling
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— P. S. Vermaak — Nippur (moder
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— P. S. Vermaak — such as Ugari
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— P. S. Vermaak — Brown, S. (19
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— P. S. Vermaak — ---- and Vida
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— Hannes D. Galter — 2000 BCE,
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— Hannes D. Galter — The reason
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Mesopotami
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— Hannes D. Galter — new lord o
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— Hannes D. Galter — ---- 2006
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— Baruch A. Levine — Biblical l
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— Baruch A. Levine — presented
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— Baruch A. Levine — Among othe
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— Baruch A. Levine — the word o
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— Baruch A. Levine — when the c
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— Baruch A. Levine — as coming
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— Baruch A. Levine — punishment
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— Baruch A. Levine — The prophe
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— Baruch A. Levine — Habakkuk
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— Baruch A. Levine — The same c
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CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE THE PERSIAN EMP
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Figure 39.1 D
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Memphis, in L
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by Jews. Neig
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by the king,
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— Amélie Kuhrt — dress, elabor
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— Amélie Kuhrt — The one autho
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— Amélie Kuhrt — C. Waerzegger
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ancestor cult 270, 281 Andarig 401
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cuneiform: tablets 1, 54; writing 9
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gift exchange 272-3, 491, 511 Gilga
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leaching 57-8 lead 127 leeks 46 len
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omens 253, 299, 303, 361-71, 373, 3
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soil 55; cultivation 57; improvemen
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Zabalam 18, 268 Zagros mountains 12
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