The Babylonian World - Historia Antigua

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— Mathematics, metrology and professional numeracy — –––– 2004a. ‘Accounting for change: the development of tabular bookkeeping in early Mesopotamia’, in M. Hudson and C. Wunsch (eds), Creating economic order: record-keeping, standardization, and the development of accounting in the Ancient Near East (International Scholars Conference on Ancient Near Eastern Economies, 4), Bethesda: CDL Press, 2004, 107–144. –––– 2004b. ‘Mathematical cuneiform tablets in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford’, SCIAMVS – Sources and Commentaries in Exact Sciences 5, 3–65. –––– 2008. Mathematics in ancient Iraq: a social history, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Schmandt-Besserat, D. 1992, Before writing: from counting to cuneiform, Austin: University of Texas Press. Tanret, M. 2002. Per aspera ad astra (Mesopotamian History and Environment, Series III: Texts, 3), Ghent: University of Ghent. Thureau-Dangin, F. 1922. Tablettes d’Uruk à l’usage des prêtres du temple d’Anu au temps des Séleucides. (Textes cuneiforms du Louvre, 6), Paris: Geuthner. –––– 1938. Textes mathématiques babyloniennes (Ex Oriente Lux, 1), Leiden: Brill. Van Dijk, J. and W. Mayer 1980. Texte aus dem Rēsˇ-Heiligtum in Uruk-Warka (Baghdader Mitteilungen Beiheft, 2), Berlin: Mann. Vanstiphout, H.L.J. 1997. ‘Sumerian canonical compositions. C. Individual focus. 6. School dialogues’, in W.W. Hallo (ed.), The context of scripture, I: Canonical compositions from the Biblical world, London/New York/Köln: Brill, 588–593. von Weiher, E. 1983–98. Spätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk, (Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Uruk-Warka. Endberichte, 10–13), Berlin: Mann. Wallenfels, R. 1998. Seleucid archival texts in the Harvard Semitic Museum: text editions and catalogue raisonné of the seal impressions (Cuneiform Monographs, 12). Groningen: Styx. Whiting, R.M. 1984. ‘More evidence for sexagesimal calculations in the third millennium BC’, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 74, 59–66. 431
CHAPTER THIRTY BABYLONIAN LISTS OF WORDS AND SIGNS 1 Jon Taylor The Babylonians are famous for their habit of making lists of things. Scribes wrote lists of names, lists of places, lists of sheep and other animals, lists of stars, lists of gods, lists of objects made from wood and metals, lists of professions and many other lists besides. Lists were also used to store other kinds of information. For example, the Babylonians were renowned for their skills as astronomers, doctors and fortune-tellers; knowledge derived from each of these fields was also committed to writing in lists. We also find collections of proverbs written in a similar style. So why did the Babylonians expend so much effort compiling lists, and what can the lists tell us about the Babylonians themselves? A tremendous quantity of information was stored in the lists. One of the constant concerns was how to order that information in a useful and meaningful way. 2 The early word lists contained words belonging to a particular theme. During the third millennium the system of grouping together words whose spelling shares a particular character of the script developed; to an extent this is a natural extension of the thematic system, since many items within a theme will share a common sign in their writing. Signs and words could also be grouped by some kind of ‘natural’ order, such as moving from head to foot in the body. In the case of sign lists, the signs could be arranged according to similarity of form. Within a list, individual entries may be grouped according to various other considerations, such as similarity of sound or word shape, or in terms of synonyms/antonyms or paradigms such as positive/negative or colour terms. Indeed, within any one list, one may find many of the techniques used. THE ORIGINS OF LISTS To understand the Babylonian lists, we must first explore their origin and history. The earliest known writing in the Near East comes from the city of Uruk (in what is now southern Iraq) around the end of the fourth millennium BC. Most of these documents are economic records, tracking the movements of commodities through the temple household of the goddess Inanna. A few of the documents are lists of words, however. So the humble list is present right from the beginning. The kind of list that was written was a simple catalogue of types of pots, metals, domesticated 432
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD As the layers
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD Edited by Gwe
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* Translation is on p. 591. Lebensa
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— Contents — 11 Food and drink
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 2.1 Sustaini
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— Illustrations — 10.7 Portrait
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CONTRIBUTORS Tzvi Abusch is Rose B
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— Contributors — Dominique Coll
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— Contributors — Frans van Kopp
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— Contributors — Eleanor Robson
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Gwendolyn
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— Introduction — mid-second mil
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— Introduction — that ‘belong
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— Introduction — persisted in t
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— Introduction — who, at differ
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CHAPTER TWO THE WORLD OF BABYLONIAN
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— The world of Babylonian country
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CHAPTER THREE LAND AND LAND USE The
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— Land and land use — past cons
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— Land and land use — Figure 3.
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— Land and land use — December.
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— Land and land use — districts
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— Land and land use — however,
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— Land and land use — BIBLIOGRA
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— Land and land use — ---- 2001
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Oth
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— Agricultural techniques — wit
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— Agricultural techniques — The
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— Agricultural techniques — Pet
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— Urban form in the first millenn
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CHAPTER SIX ARCHITECTURE IN THE OLD
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— Architecture in the Old Babylon
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CHAPTER SEVEN BABYLONIAN SEALS 1 D
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— Babylonian seals — (a) (b) (c
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— Babylonian seals — Figure 7.6
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— Babylonian seals — ruler he s
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — An ext
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — Figure
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— Babylonian seals — mostly cor
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— Babylonian seals — MacGinnis,
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— Babylonian sources of exotic ra
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CHAPTER NINE CLOTH IN THE BABYLONIA
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— Cloth in the Babylonian World
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CHAPTER TEN THE BABYLONIAN VISUAL I
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— The Babylonian visual image —
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sˇūkil akalu sˇiqi kurunnu eris
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— Food and drink in Babylonia —
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PART III ECONOMIC LIFE 185
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— Johannes Renger — stands in c
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— Johannes Renger — eventually
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— Johannes Renger — fertility o
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— Johannes Renger — utensils ma
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— Johannes Renger — BIBLIOGRAPH
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE OLD BABYLONIAN
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— Anne Goddeeris — of the craft
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— Anne Goddeeris — silver could
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— Anne Goddeeris — waves during
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— Anne Goddeeris — SOME CHARACT
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— Anne Goddeeris — could consis
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
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— Frans van Koppen — its territ
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— Frans van Koppen — Figure 14.
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— Frans van Koppen — The durati
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— Frans van Koppen — for many b
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— Frans van Koppen — provincial
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— Frans van Koppen — BIBLIOGRAP
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN THE BABYLONIAN ECON
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— Michael Jursa — cereal farmin
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— Michael Jursa — were determin
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— Michael Jursa — main point of
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— Michael Jursa — Given these b
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— Michael Jursa — of Joannès 2
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN THE EGIBI FAMILY C
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— Cornelia Wunsch — aside every
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— Cornelia Wunsch — of a hired
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— Cornelia Wunsch — Figure 16.1
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— Cornelia Wunsch — qa = 3600 n
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— Cornelia Wunsch — The committ
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PART IV SOCIETY AND POLITICS 249
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— Petr Charvát — Figure 17.1 S
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— Petr Charvát — In warfare th
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— Petr Charvát — Early Dynasti
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— Petr Charvát — their obligat
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— Petr Charvát — NOTES 1 Coope
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— Petr Charvát — 97 On them cf
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— Petr Charvát — Rehm, Ellen 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — Figure
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— Walther Sallaberger — Babylon
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— Walther Sallaberger — (Maul 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — of good
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— Walther Sallaberger — the bes
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CHAPTER NINETEEN POWER, ECONOMY AND
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Figure 19.1
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— Gebhard J. Selz — influence o
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Mesopotamia
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— Gebhard J. Selz — and loan. N
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— Gebhard J. Selz — distrust in
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CHAPTER TWENTY ARAMEANS AND CHALDEA
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— Frederick Mario Fales — and c
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— Frederick Mario Fales — level
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Figur
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Babyl
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— Frederick Mario Fales — the w
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— Laura D. Steele — experiences
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.1
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.2
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— Laura D. Steele — as large as
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — novel but l
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— Laura D. Steele — Dandamaev,
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— Laura D. Steele — ---- (1995b
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CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO THE ROLE AND FUN
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— The role and function of goddes
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— Inanna and Ishtar in the Babylo
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — E
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — i
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — T
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — t
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — 7
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — B
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE DIVINATION CULT
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— Divination culture and the hand
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX WITCHCRAFT LITER
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— Witchcraft literature in Mesopo
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Page 404 and 405: — Witchcraft literature in Mesopo
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Page 414 and 415: — Incantations within Akkadian me
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Page 496 and 497: CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE LATE BABYLONIA
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— Late Babylonian intellectual li
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— Late Babylonian intellectual li
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PART VII INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ba
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— David A. Warburton — both Egy
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— David A. Warburton — But thes
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Table 34.1 Middle Babylonian period
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— David A. Warburton — forces i
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— David A. Warburton — of Esarh
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— David A. Warburton — but such
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— David A. Warburton — contrast
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— David A. Warburton — set off
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— Trevor Bryce — Figure 35.1 Th
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— Trevor Bryce — in the region
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— Trevor Bryce — But for the re
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— Trevor Bryce — an acrimonious
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— Trevor Bryce — king Kashtilia
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— Trevor Bryce — Gasche, H., Ar
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— P. S. Vermaak — In our presen
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— P. S. Vermaak — The spelling
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— P. S. Vermaak — Nippur (moder
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— P. S. Vermaak — such as Ugari
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— P. S. Vermaak — Brown, S. (19
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— P. S. Vermaak — ---- and Vida
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— Hannes D. Galter — 2000 BCE,
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— Hannes D. Galter — The reason
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Mesopotami
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— Hannes D. Galter — new lord o
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— Hannes D. Galter — ---- 2006
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— Baruch A. Levine — Biblical l
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— Baruch A. Levine — presented
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— Baruch A. Levine — Among othe
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— Baruch A. Levine — the word o
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— Baruch A. Levine — when the c
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— Baruch A. Levine — as coming
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— Baruch A. Levine — punishment
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— Baruch A. Levine — The prophe
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— Baruch A. Levine — Habakkuk
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— Baruch A. Levine — The same c
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CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE THE PERSIAN EMP
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Figure 39.1 D
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Memphis, in L
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by Jews. Neig
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by the king,
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— Amélie Kuhrt — dress, elabor
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— Amélie Kuhrt — The one autho
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— Amélie Kuhrt — C. Waerzegger
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ancestor cult 270, 281 Andarig 401
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cuneiform: tablets 1, 54; writing 9
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gift exchange 272-3, 491, 511 Gilga
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leaching 57-8 lead 127 leeks 46 len
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omens 253, 299, 303, 361-71, 373, 3
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soil 55; cultivation 57; improvemen
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Zabalam 18, 268 Zagros mountains 12
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