The Babylonian World - Historia Antigua

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— The Egibi family — Figure 16.2 Schematic interpretation of the field plan. 243
— Cornelia Wunsch — qa = 3600 nindan) explains why sales contracts were only drafted by a small circle of specially qualified and privileged scribes who ratified the tablets with their seals and who must have fulfilled a position like a notary. This plan is an abstraction since the property is 30 times longer than wide. The names of the neighbours are listed at the side. On the reverse is the description of the portions: the left is ascribed to Nergal-ēt.ir, the right to his nephews. The lengthwise partition results in rather narrow strips, but since the date plantations are alongside the canal, both parties thereby receive an equal share of garden and arable land and have unhindered access to the water course and hence to irrigation devices. Since yields depended on artificial irrigation, this was a very important aspect. The plan also records details rarely found in other texts: on the southern bank of the canal (below) is an area with ca. 500 date palms on 2.5 hectares, which means that the density of the trees is one tree per 50 square metres or 200 trees per hectare. On the other canal bank, land in the form of a strip parallel to the bank has two-thirds of its surface cultivated with palms, while beyond is an area for barley. South of the canal the arable field begins after 500 metres and extends for 1.37 kilometres where it ends in a sharp triangle in a drainage basin. Date cultivation at this time covered about a quarter of the whole surface. From the first mentioning of the property, 56 years before, the cultivation had expanded enormously and probably reached the limits of irrigation potential. This is made clear by a lease contract which allows a gardener to cultivate an additional plot of land which had to be irrigated with buckets, and therefore must have been beyond reach of the canal. This shows just how intensively fields in Babylon were cultivated at this time. Seven years after the partition described above, the property features again in another document. Nergal-ēt.ir had died without male heirs and his widow found herself in financial difficulties. She exchanged Nergal-ēt.ir’s share with Marduk-nās.irapli, her nephew, against another, smaller field and a sum of compensation which was paid to her husband’s creditors. This meant that those 12 kur which used to belong to Nabû-ah ˘ h ˘ ē-iddin, were once more in one hand, that of his grandson, Marduk-nās.ir-apli, who continued to direct business as the family head for another four years, until his brothers insisted that he surrender their inheritance, which initiated the next round of partition. MARRIAGES AND DOWRIES In well-to-do Babylonian families, marriage was a matter of prestige, income prospects and business connections, arranged by the father or both parents for daughters, sometimes when they were children. Grown sons could not marry without their father’s consent and often did so only after his death. Neither daughters nor wives could inherit since the dowry, which was handed over to the future husband or his father, fulfilled the obligations of their own families. It was, however, up to the husband or father to make donations or last wills in favour of wives or daughters. There was no general norm as to the value of a dowry in relation to the expected inheritance share of brothers. This meant that non-material aspects such as the family’s status and the social connections played a decisive role in the initial negotiations and the settlement of the dowry. The Egibi archive contains dowry contracts for women of three generations (the third to the fifth). They show a noteworthy pattern; women 244
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD As the layers
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD Edited by Gwe
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* Translation is on p. 591. Lebensa
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— Contents — 11 Food and drink
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 2.1 Sustaini
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— Illustrations — 10.7 Portrait
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CONTRIBUTORS Tzvi Abusch is Rose B
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— Contributors — Dominique Coll
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— Contributors — Frans van Kopp
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— Contributors — Eleanor Robson
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Gwendolyn
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— Introduction — mid-second mil
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— Introduction — that ‘belong
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— Introduction — persisted in t
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— Introduction — who, at differ
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CHAPTER TWO THE WORLD OF BABYLONIAN
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— The world of Babylonian country
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CHAPTER THREE LAND AND LAND USE The
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— Land and land use — past cons
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— Land and land use — Figure 3.
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— Land and land use — December.
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— Land and land use — districts
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— Land and land use — however,
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— Land and land use — BIBLIOGRA
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— Land and land use — ---- 2001
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Oth
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— Agricultural techniques — wit
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— Agricultural techniques — The
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— Agricultural techniques — Pet
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— Urban form in the first millenn
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CHAPTER SIX ARCHITECTURE IN THE OLD
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— Architecture in the Old Babylon
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CHAPTER SEVEN BABYLONIAN SEALS 1 D
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— Babylonian seals — (a) (b) (c
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— Babylonian seals — Figure 7.6
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— Babylonian seals — ruler he s
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — An ext
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — Figure
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— Babylonian seals — mostly cor
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— Babylonian seals — MacGinnis,
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— Babylonian sources of exotic ra
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CHAPTER NINE CLOTH IN THE BABYLONIA
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— Cloth in the Babylonian World
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CHAPTER TEN THE BABYLONIAN VISUAL I
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— The Babylonian visual image —
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sˇūkil akalu sˇiqi kurunnu eris
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— Food and drink in Babylonia —
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PART III ECONOMIC LIFE 185
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— Johannes Renger — stands in c
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— Johannes Renger — eventually
Page 215 and 216: — Johannes Renger — fertility o
Page 217 and 218: — Johannes Renger — utensils ma
Page 219 and 220: — Johannes Renger — BIBLIOGRAPH
Page 221 and 222: CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE OLD BABYLONIAN
Page 223 and 224: — Anne Goddeeris — of the craft
Page 225 and 226: — Anne Goddeeris — silver could
Page 227 and 228: — Anne Goddeeris — waves during
Page 229 and 230: — Anne Goddeeris — SOME CHARACT
Page 231 and 232: — Anne Goddeeris — could consis
Page 233 and 234: CHAPTER FOURTEEN ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
Page 235 and 236: — Frans van Koppen — its territ
Page 237 and 238: — Frans van Koppen — Figure 14.
Page 239 and 240: — Frans van Koppen — The durati
Page 241 and 242: — Frans van Koppen — for many b
Page 243 and 244: — Frans van Koppen — provincial
Page 245 and 246: — Frans van Koppen — BIBLIOGRAP
Page 247 and 248: CHAPTER FIFTEEN THE BABYLONIAN ECON
Page 249 and 250: — Michael Jursa — cereal farmin
Page 251 and 252: — Michael Jursa — were determin
Page 253 and 254: — Michael Jursa — main point of
Page 255 and 256: — Michael Jursa — Given these b
Page 257 and 258: — Michael Jursa — of Joannès 2
Page 259 and 260: CHAPTER SIXTEEN THE EGIBI FAMILY C
Page 261 and 262: — Cornelia Wunsch — aside every
Page 263 and 264: — Cornelia Wunsch — of a hired
Page 265: — Cornelia Wunsch — Figure 16.1
Page 269 and 270: — Cornelia Wunsch — The committ
Page 272: PART IV SOCIETY AND POLITICS 249
Page 275 and 276: — Petr Charvát — Figure 17.1 S
Page 277 and 278: — Petr Charvát — In warfare th
Page 279 and 280: — Petr Charvát — Early Dynasti
Page 281 and 282: — Petr Charvát — their obligat
Page 283 and 284: — Petr Charvát — NOTES 1 Coope
Page 285 and 286: — Petr Charvát — 97 On them cf
Page 287 and 288: — Petr Charvát — Rehm, Ellen 2
Page 289 and 290: — Walther Sallaberger — Figure
Page 291 and 292: — Walther Sallaberger — Babylon
Page 293 and 294: — Walther Sallaberger — (Maul 2
Page 295 and 296: — Walther Sallaberger — of good
Page 297 and 298: — Walther Sallaberger — the bes
Page 299 and 300: CHAPTER NINETEEN POWER, ECONOMY AND
Page 301 and 302: — Gebhard J. Selz — Figure 19.1
Page 303 and 304: — Gebhard J. Selz — influence o
Page 305 and 306: — Gebhard J. Selz — Mesopotamia
Page 307 and 308: — Gebhard J. Selz — and loan. N
Page 309 and 310: — Gebhard J. Selz — distrust in
Page 311 and 312: CHAPTER TWENTY ARAMEANS AND CHALDEA
Page 313 and 314: — Frederick Mario Fales — and c
Page 315 and 316: — Frederick Mario Fales — level
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Figur
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Babyl
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— Frederick Mario Fales — the w
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— Laura D. Steele — experiences
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.1
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.2
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— Laura D. Steele — as large as
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — novel but l
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— Laura D. Steele — Dandamaev,
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— Laura D. Steele — ---- (1995b
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CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO THE ROLE AND FUN
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— The role and function of goddes
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— Inanna and Ishtar in the Babylo
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — E
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — i
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — T
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — t
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — 7
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — B
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE DIVINATION CULT
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— Divination culture and the hand
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX WITCHCRAFT LITER
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— Witchcraft literature in Mesopo
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN INCANTATIONS W
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— Incantations within Akkadian me
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— Letters in the Amorite world
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— Mathematics, metrology and prof
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who ‘generously bestowed upon [th
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— Babylonian lists of words and s
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CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE GILGAMESH AND TH
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— Gilgamesh and the literature of
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— Mesopotamian astral science —
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CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE LATE BABYLONIA
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— Late Babylonian intellectual li
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PART VII INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ba
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— David A. Warburton — both Egy
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— David A. Warburton — But thes
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Table 34.1 Middle Babylonian period
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— David A. Warburton — forces i
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— David A. Warburton — of Esarh
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— David A. Warburton — but such
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— David A. Warburton — contrast
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— David A. Warburton — set off
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— Trevor Bryce — Figure 35.1 Th
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— Trevor Bryce — in the region
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— Trevor Bryce — But for the re
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— Trevor Bryce — an acrimonious
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— Trevor Bryce — king Kashtilia
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— Trevor Bryce — Gasche, H., Ar
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— P. S. Vermaak — In our presen
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— P. S. Vermaak — The spelling
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— P. S. Vermaak — Nippur (moder
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— P. S. Vermaak — such as Ugari
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— P. S. Vermaak — Brown, S. (19
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— P. S. Vermaak — ---- and Vida
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— Hannes D. Galter — 2000 BCE,
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— Hannes D. Galter — The reason
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Mesopotami
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— Hannes D. Galter — new lord o
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— Hannes D. Galter — ---- 2006
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— Baruch A. Levine — Biblical l
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— Baruch A. Levine — presented
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— Baruch A. Levine — Among othe
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— Baruch A. Levine — the word o
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— Baruch A. Levine — when the c
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— Baruch A. Levine — as coming
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— Baruch A. Levine — punishment
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— Baruch A. Levine — The prophe
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— Baruch A. Levine — Habakkuk
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— Baruch A. Levine — The same c
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CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE THE PERSIAN EMP
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Figure 39.1 D
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Memphis, in L
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by Jews. Neig
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by the king,
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— Amélie Kuhrt — dress, elabor
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— Amélie Kuhrt — The one autho
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— Amélie Kuhrt — C. Waerzegger
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ancestor cult 270, 281 Andarig 401
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cuneiform: tablets 1, 54; writing 9
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gift exchange 272-3, 491, 511 Gilga
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leaching 57-8 lead 127 leeks 46 len
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omens 253, 299, 303, 361-71, 373, 3
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soil 55; cultivation 57; improvemen
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Zabalam 18, 268 Zagros mountains 12
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