The Babylonian World - Historia Antigua

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— Mesopotamian astral science — 21 Barton 1994: 23–31, and for details on the cultural interactions in the astral sciences between Mesopotamia, India, Greece, Iran, the West Semitic areas, and Egypt, see Brown (forthcoming c). 22 E.g. Isaiah 47: 12–14. 23 While Hellenistic astrology was a far more complicated beast than its Babylonian counterpart, Neugebauer is wrong to argue (1975: 613) that ‘with the exception of some typical Mesopotamian relics the doctrine [of astrology] was changed in Greek hands to a universal system in which form alone it could spread all over the world’. That many Babylonian astrological techniques spread to Greece, Egypt, India, and elsewhere gives the lie to this. 24 Hipparchus (fl. c.125 BC) was probably the first Greek astronomer who managed to devise a workable kinematic model. His debt to cuneifom astronomy was first revealed by F. X. Kugler 1900: 21, 24, 40, 46, 108. Toomer 1988: 361 writes that Hipparchus’ ‘originality and inventiveness are beyond question’, but that his achievement ‘would not have been possible without the resources of Babylonian astronomy’ to which he adds that ‘the idea of astronomy as a practical predictive science was another debt of his to the Babylonians’, and finally that Hipparchus ‘both directly as an advocate of astrology, and indirectly as a developer of astronomical methods which became an essential part of it, was pivotal’ to the spread of Babylonian astrology to the Greek world. BIBLIOGRAPHY Al-Rawi F. N. H. and George, A. R. (1991–2) ‘Enūma Anu Enlil XIV and Other Early Astronomical Tables’, Archiv für Orientforschung 38/39, 52–73. Barton, T. (1994) Ancient Astrology. London, New York: Routledge. Black, J. A. and Green, A. (1992) Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia.London: British Museum Press. Brack-Bernsen, L. (1997) Zur Entstehung der babylonischen Mondtheorie: Beobachtung und theoretische Berechnung von Mondphasen.Boethius 40, Stuttgart: F. Steiner. Britton, J. P. (2002) ‘Treatments of Annual Phenomena in Cuneiform Sources’, in J. M. Steele and A. Imhausen (eds), Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. AOAT 297, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 21–78. –––– and Walker, C. B. F. W. (1996) ‘Astronomy and Astrology in Mesopotamia’, in C. Walker (ed.), Astronomy before the Telescope. London: British Museum Press, 42–67. Brown, D. R. (2000) Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Cuneiform Monographs 18, Groningen: Styx. –––– (2000a) ‘The Cuneiform Conception of Celestial Space and Time’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10:1, 103–21. –––– (2001) ‘Astronomy-Astrology in Mesopotamia’, Bibl. Or. 58, 41–59. –––– (2006) ‘Astral Divination in the Context of Mesopotamian Divination, Medicine, Religion, Magic, Society, and Scholarship’, in Hans Ulrich Vogel (ed.), East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 25, Tübingen: University of Tübingen. Volumes 24 and 25 constitute a Festschrift for Ho Peng Yoke. –––– (forthcoming a) ‘Disenchanted with the gods? The advent of accurate prediction and its influence on scholarly attitudes towards the supernatural in ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Greece’, in G. Zólyomi, E. Robson and H. Baker (eds), Gs. Jeremy Black. –––– (forthcoming b) ‘Increasingly Redundant – the growing obsolescence of the cuneiform script in Babylonia from 539 BC on’, in J. Baines, J. Bennet, and S. Houston (eds), Last Writing. London: Equinox. –––– (forthcoming c) The Interactions of Ancient Astral Science. Vergleichende Studien zu Antike und Orient X, Bremen: Hempen. –––– and Zólyomi, G. (2001) ‘“Daylight converts to Nighttime” An astrological-astronomical reference in Sumerian literary context’ Iraq 53, 149–54. 471
— David Brown — Cunningham, G. (1997) ‘Deliver Me From Evil’, Mesopotamian Incantations 2500–1500 BC. Studia Pohl: Series Maior 17, Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute. ETCSL = Black, J. A., Cunningham, G., Ebeling, J., Fluckiger-Hawker, E., Robson, E., Taylor, J. and Zólyomi, G.(1998–) The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http://etcsl. orinst.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford. Horowitz, W. (1998) Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Mesopotamian Civilizations 8, Winona Lake, I: Eisenbrauns. Huber, P. J. and de Meis, S. (2004) Babylonian Eclipse Observations from 750 BC to 1 BC. Milan: Mimesis. Hunger, H. (1992) Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. State Archives of Assyria 8, Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. –––– (2001) Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Volume V. Lunar and Planetary Texts. Vienna: Verlag der Österriechischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. –––– (2004) ‘Stars, Cities, and Predictions’, in C. Burnett, J. P. Hogendijk, K. Plofker and M. Yano (eds), Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences in Honour of David Pingree. Islamic Philosophy, Theology, and Science, Texts and Studies vol. LIV, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 16–32. –––– and Pingree, D. (1989) MUL.APIN: An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform, Archiv für Orientforschung Bh. 24, Horn, Austria: Ferdinand Berger & Söhne. –––– and –––– (1999) Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill. Jones, A. (1999) Astronomical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus. Vols 1, 2, Memoirs 233 Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. Koch-Westenholz, U. (1995) Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination. Copenhagen: Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, Museum Tusculanum Press. Kugler, F. X. (1900) Die babylonische Mondrechnung. Zwei Systeme der Chaldäer über den Lauf des Mondes und der Sonn. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder. Neugebauer, O. (1975) A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. Berlin: Springer. Parpola, S. (1993) Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. State Archives of Assyria 10, Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. Rochberg, F. (1998) Babylonian Horoscopes. Transactions 88/1 Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. –––– (2005) The Heavenly Writing – Divination, Horoscopy, and Astronomy in Mesopotamian Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sachs, A.(1952) ‘Babylonian Horoscopes’, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 6, 49–74. –––– and Hunger, H. (1988–96) Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Volumes 1- III. Vienna: Verlag der Österriechischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Steele, J. M. (2000) ‘A 3405: An Unusual Astronomical Text from Uruk’, Archive for the History of the Exact Sciences 55, 103–35. –––– (2002) ‘A Simple Function for the Length of the Saros in Babylonian Astronomy’, in J. M. Steele and A. Imhausen (eds), Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. AOAT 297, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 405–20. Swerdlow, N. M. (1998) The Babylonian Theory of the Planets. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Toomer, G. J. (1988) ‘Hipparchus and Babylonian Astronomy’, in E. Leichty et al. (eds), A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs. Occasional Publications of the Samual Noah Kramer Fund 9, Philadelphia: Babylonian Section, University Museum, 353–62. 472
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD As the layers
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THE BABYLONIAN WORLD Edited by Gwe
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* Translation is on p. 591. Lebensa
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— Contents — 11 Food and drink
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 2.1 Sustaini
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— Illustrations — 10.7 Portrait
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CONTRIBUTORS Tzvi Abusch is Rose B
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— Contributors — Dominique Coll
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— Contributors — Frans van Kopp
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— Contributors — Eleanor Robson
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Gwendolyn
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— Introduction — mid-second mil
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— Introduction — that ‘belong
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— Introduction — persisted in t
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— Introduction — who, at differ
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CHAPTER TWO THE WORLD OF BABYLONIAN
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— The world of Babylonian country
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CHAPTER THREE LAND AND LAND USE The
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— Land and land use — past cons
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— Land and land use — Figure 3.
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— Land and land use — December.
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— Land and land use — districts
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— Land and land use — however,
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— Land and land use — BIBLIOGRA
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— Land and land use — ---- 2001
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Fig
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— Agricultural techniques — Oth
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— Agricultural techniques — wit
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— Agricultural techniques — The
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— Agricultural techniques — Pet
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— Urban form in the first millenn
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CHAPTER SIX ARCHITECTURE IN THE OLD
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— Architecture in the Old Babylon
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CHAPTER SEVEN BABYLONIAN SEALS 1 D
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— Babylonian seals — (a) (b) (c
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— Babylonian seals — Figure 7.6
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— Babylonian seals — ruler he s
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — An ext
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1 1 — Babylonian seals — Figure
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— Babylonian seals — mostly cor
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— Babylonian seals — MacGinnis,
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— Babylonian sources of exotic ra
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CHAPTER NINE CLOTH IN THE BABYLONIA
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— Cloth in the Babylonian World
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CHAPTER TEN THE BABYLONIAN VISUAL I
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— The Babylonian visual image —
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sˇūkil akalu sˇiqi kurunnu eris
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— Food and drink in Babylonia —
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PART III ECONOMIC LIFE 185
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— Johannes Renger — stands in c
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— Johannes Renger — eventually
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— Johannes Renger — fertility o
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— Johannes Renger — utensils ma
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— Johannes Renger — BIBLIOGRAPH
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN THE OLD BABYLONIAN
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— Anne Goddeeris — of the craft
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— Anne Goddeeris — silver could
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— Anne Goddeeris — waves during
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— Anne Goddeeris — SOME CHARACT
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— Anne Goddeeris — could consis
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
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— Frans van Koppen — its territ
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— Frans van Koppen — Figure 14.
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— Frans van Koppen — The durati
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— Frans van Koppen — for many b
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— Frans van Koppen — provincial
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— Frans van Koppen — BIBLIOGRAP
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN THE BABYLONIAN ECON
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— Michael Jursa — cereal farmin
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— Michael Jursa — were determin
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— Michael Jursa — main point of
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— Michael Jursa — Given these b
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— Michael Jursa — of Joannès 2
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN THE EGIBI FAMILY C
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— Cornelia Wunsch — aside every
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— Cornelia Wunsch — of a hired
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— Cornelia Wunsch — Figure 16.1
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— Cornelia Wunsch — qa = 3600 n
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— Cornelia Wunsch — The committ
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PART IV SOCIETY AND POLITICS 249
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— Petr Charvát — Figure 17.1 S
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— Petr Charvát — In warfare th
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— Petr Charvát — Early Dynasti
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— Petr Charvát — their obligat
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— Petr Charvát — NOTES 1 Coope
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— Petr Charvát — 97 On them cf
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— Petr Charvát — Rehm, Ellen 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — Figure
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— Walther Sallaberger — Babylon
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— Walther Sallaberger — (Maul 2
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— Walther Sallaberger — of good
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— Walther Sallaberger — the bes
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CHAPTER NINETEEN POWER, ECONOMY AND
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Figure 19.1
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— Gebhard J. Selz — influence o
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— Gebhard J. Selz — Mesopotamia
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— Gebhard J. Selz — and loan. N
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— Gebhard J. Selz — distrust in
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CHAPTER TWENTY ARAMEANS AND CHALDEA
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— Frederick Mario Fales — and c
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— Frederick Mario Fales — level
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Figur
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— Frederick Mario Fales — Babyl
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— Frederick Mario Fales — the w
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— Laura D. Steele — experiences
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.1
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— Laura D. Steele — Figure 21.2
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— Laura D. Steele — as large as
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— Laura D. Steele — Babylonian
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— Laura D. Steele — novel but l
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— Laura D. Steele — Dandamaev,
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— Laura D. Steele — ---- (1995b
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CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO THE ROLE AND FUN
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— The role and function of goddes
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— Inanna and Ishtar in the Babylo
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — E
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — i
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — T
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — t
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — 7
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— The Babylonian god Marduk — B
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CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE DIVINATION CULT
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— Divination culture and the hand
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX WITCHCRAFT LITER
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— Witchcraft literature in Mesopo
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CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN INCANTATIONS W
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— Incantations within Akkadian me
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— Letters in the Amorite world
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— Mathematics, metrology and prof
Page 444 and 445: — Mathematics, metrology and prof
Page 446 and 447: who ‘generously bestowed upon [th
Page 456 and 457: — Babylonian lists of words and s
Page 470 and 471: CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE GILGAMESH AND TH
Page 472 and 473: — Gilgamesh and the literature of
Page 484 and 485: — Mesopotamian astral science —
Page 496 and 497: CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE LATE BABYLONIA
Page 498 and 499: — Late Babylonian intellectual li
Page 508: PART VII INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Ba
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Page 515 and 516: Table 34.1 Middle Babylonian period
Page 517 and 518: — David A. Warburton — forces i
Page 519 and 520: — David A. Warburton — of Esarh
Page 521 and 522: — David A. Warburton — but such
Page 523 and 524: — David A. Warburton — contrast
Page 525 and 526: — David A. Warburton — set off
Page 527 and 528: — Trevor Bryce — Figure 35.1 Th
Page 529 and 530: — Trevor Bryce — in the region
Page 531 and 532: — Trevor Bryce — But for the re
Page 533 and 534: — Trevor Bryce — an acrimonious
Page 535 and 536: — Trevor Bryce — king Kashtilia
Page 537 and 538: — Trevor Bryce — Gasche, H., Ar
Page 539 and 540: — P. S. Vermaak — In our presen
Page 541 and 542: — P. S. Vermaak — The spelling
Page 543 and 544: — P. S. Vermaak — Nippur (moder
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— P. S. Vermaak — such as Ugari
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— P. S. Vermaak — Brown, S. (19
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— P. S. Vermaak — ---- and Vida
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— Hannes D. Galter — 2000 BCE,
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— Hannes D. Galter — The reason
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Figure 37.
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— Hannes D. Galter — Mesopotami
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— Hannes D. Galter — new lord o
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— Hannes D. Galter — ---- 2006
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— Baruch A. Levine — Biblical l
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— Baruch A. Levine — presented
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— Baruch A. Levine — Among othe
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— Baruch A. Levine — the word o
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— Baruch A. Levine — when the c
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— Baruch A. Levine — as coming
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— Baruch A. Levine — punishment
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— Baruch A. Levine — The prophe
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— Baruch A. Levine — Habakkuk
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— Baruch A. Levine — The same c
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CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE THE PERSIAN EMP
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Figure 39.1 D
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— Amélie Kuhrt — Memphis, in L
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by Jews. Neig
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— Amélie Kuhrt — by the king,
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— Amélie Kuhrt — dress, elabor
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— Amélie Kuhrt — The one autho
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— Amélie Kuhrt — C. Waerzegger
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ancestor cult 270, 281 Andarig 401
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cuneiform: tablets 1, 54; writing 9
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gift exchange 272-3, 491, 511 Gilga
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leaching 57-8 lead 127 leeks 46 len
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omens 253, 299, 303, 361-71, 373, 3
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soil 55; cultivation 57; improvemen
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Zabalam 18, 268 Zagros mountains 12
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