The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

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Up to about 1850 the fishing was performed by small boats and simple tools such as fish-spear, hand line, and long line (backefiske), but in the second half of the century new equipment was tested. First the purse seine and then in the early twentieth century, the Danish seine and the trawl. The introduction of bigger vessels and steam-power made fishermen on the Swedish west coast able to go out on the high seas and to fish for other species than herring. For a long time, however, herring dominated the catches. The catches in Bohuslän in 1918 can be used as an example; they amounted to 94 million kg, of which herring accounted for 70 million kg, mackerel 7.5, haddock 5.1, cod 3.3, whiting 2.0, ling 1.7, saithe 1.2 and sprat 1.1 million kg. This survey deals with the period 1650-1950. The postwar period witnessed a host of new problems, for instance new limits for territorial waters, catch quotas and market fluctuations, issues which are best dealt with in a separate paper. West Coast Fisheries in the Literature Literature, especially scientific literature, concerning fisheries both on and from the Swedish west coast is rather limited. The works presented in this section are selected, some of them as examples of contemporary writing, others as modern scientific works with very good bibliographies. In a further section other sources, including official printing and statistical material will be considered. Government encouraged fishing in the North Sea, on the English and Scottish banks, around Iceland and even off Greenland to some degree even during the eighteenth century. The so-called Fiskerisocieteten in Stockholm was granted privileges in 1745 for fishing and whaling on the high seas, i.e. the North Sea and Greenland waters (Privilegium den 12 aug. 1745 på Sill- och Torsk-Fiskeri, samt hwalfiske- och Skäl-fång för Handelsmännerne Abraham och Jacob Arfwedson & Compagnie) and so was the Greenland Company in Gothenburg. These enterprises were, however, of minor value during the eighteenth and part of the nineteenth centuries. From c1850 there was an obvious interest in high seas fishing. Two special companies were founded in 1858 for promoting this kind of fishing and more modern methods, for instance salting the catches at sea—dry salting. However, not until around 1900 was there a real breakthrough of a modern high seas fishing. In the literature listed below this development and these kind of fisheries are described and evaluated. 170
From the older, printed and non-printed material the following examples are worthy of note: Trangrums-Acten (concerning problems with waste products in train-oil production) (Stockholm, 1784) S. af Forselles, Berättelser om bohuslänska sillfiskerierna av år 1792 (Fiske 2, RA, National Archives) och år 1796. (MS. X 984:1-2, KB, Royal Library) P. Bagge, Om sillens infångande, 1773 (Fiske 2, RA), and Rörande det ifrågawarande projektet at inrätta ett bolag til bestyrande af sillfiske i hafvet. o. 1800-1810 (Statistiska samlingar, fasc. 1, RA) Handlingar och protokoller rörande Kongl. Maj:ts i nåder förordnade beredning öfwer sillfiskeri-hanteringens närmare reglerande 1788 (Göteborg, 1789) P. Dubb, Anteckningar om sillfisket i Bohuslän. VAH 1817 P. König, Om trankokningen i Bohuslän jemte beskrivning på ett trankokeri. VAH (Documents of the Swedish Scientific Academy) 1817 P.A. Granberg, Staden Göteborgs historia och beskrivning, 1-2 (Göteborg, 1814-15) As mentioned before there are few modern historical works concerning fishing on the Swedish west-coast. Half a dozen works from various disciplines are quite enough to illustrate the situation and outline the development of the fisheries. With a few exceptions the authors strongly focus on the great herring fishery of 1747-1808. J. Sjöstrand, Anteckningar rörande den bohuslänska sillfiskeperioden 1747-1808 (Göteborg, 1917). Sjöstrand describes this period and the development of the fishing from an economic-geographical perspective, just as L. Dalén, Den bohuslänska fiskelägesbygden (The Bohuslän Fishing Villages) (Göteborg, 1941). Geographic and demographical aspects are treated in full. Dalén is very good in mapping the fishing villages, and the book has a good section on modern conditions up to c1930. O. Hasslöf, Svenska västkustfiskarna. Studier i en yrkesgrupps näringsliv och sociala kultur (Stockholm, 1949). Hasslöf is an ethnologist and has a social and cultural interest in the fishing population in Bohuslän. 171
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The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-
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Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseets Studies
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Contents Jón Th.Thór with Kjartan
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north of the latitude of the Bay of
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eighteenth century when the Newfoun
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truck-system only two generations a
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history of fishing plays an importa
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available except for the very last
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Little has sofar been written on th
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has an emphasis on the life and wor
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scholarly research and only few con
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(Neskaupsstaður, 1983) Gíslason,
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Snæfellsnesi, Suðurnesjum og í V
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pattern of European economic develo
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Basques fished in the Atlantic and
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salt cod. Other sources, however, s
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in Tvøroyri, which in the 1920s be
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Nowadays the Danish term “klipfis
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transport by sea, if not daily then
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immediate post-war years, when the
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production capacity of all the fish
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heimskríggj. Eitt søguligt yvirli
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Lafto, Thorolf, ‘Fiskhandel’. K
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Whaling in the Faroe Islands, 1584-
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Pilot and bottlenose whaling has al
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Table 1 Number er of pilot whales c
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Sometimes, the pods of long-finned
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were soon established. In 1897 a se
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The Faroe Islands are placed far aw
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Joensen, J. P. ‘The Pilot Whale i
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The Greenland Fishery before 1914 S
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even more marked for the ordinary F
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The result of Norwegian pressure wa
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Greenland. The Lagting decided on 1
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1930/31 Patursson repeated the main
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All the major elements in the Faroe
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and the Home Secretary promised Par
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1) In recognition of the concession
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In 1938 the Fishery Committee of th
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the existing and future utilization
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seriously. The issue was given more
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Lagtingstidende, 1914-1940 (The pri
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Table III. Faroese Fisheries, 1917-
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variation. Several place names bear
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and the use of unpublished sources
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Greenland a whole world of comparis
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Industrial Plants in 1959 Besides C
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1990s. Due to expansion in other oc
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a) The transition in Southern Green
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Nolsøe, Karl, ‘Færøsk fiskeri
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Dutch Fisheries: An Historiographic
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The Infrastructure for Research on
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Years’ War (1586-1648) and the im
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The catch of cod and haddock has ne
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were active in the herring fishery.
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In 1719 the States General forbade
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15 lasts. Its average crew was abou
Page 119 and 120: H.A.H. Boelmans Kranenburg and J.P.
Page 121 and 122: The Sea Fisheries of the British Is
Page 123 and 124: qualitative and uncorroborated, the
Page 125 and 126: fishing is clearly apparent in refe
Page 127 and 128: the percentage was possibly higher.
Page 129 and 130: across large expanses of sea. Moreo
Page 131 and 132: This sudden contraction was of some
Page 133 and 134: in English and Welsh ports is avail
Page 135 and 136: eyond the means of the inland urban
Page 137 and 138: A similar pattern of incremental in
Page 139 and 140: crofting communities of the highlan
Page 141 and 142: oceanographers might well provide h
Page 143 and 144: R N W Robinson, ‘The English Fish
Page 145 and 146: Norwegian Fisheries 1100-1970 Main
Page 147 and 148: ejected. The new social and economi
Page 149 and 150: In this early phase of commercial f
Page 151 and 152: common contention of historians tha
Page 153 and 154: The area which was dominated to the
Page 155 and 156: heavier competition on the fish mar
Page 157 and 158: and Lofoten reclaimed its pre-emine
Page 159 and 160: Russian sailing merchants from the
Page 161 and 162: experiment during a deep economic c
Page 163 and 164: In the cod fisheries, conflict was
Page 165 and 166: of the century, the number fell rap
Page 167 and 168: Nordlandene (Oslo, 1993) Klepp, Asb
Page 169: Fisheries in Western Sweden c1650-1
Page 173 and 174: (National Archives) is the so calle
Page 175 and 176: Statistics - some examples Table I.
Page 177 and 178: Catches and Manpower in the Danish
Page 179 and 180: 300,000 barrels from the Sound and
Page 181 and 182: The wealth of monasteries around th
Page 183 and 184: In order to assess the magnitude of
Page 185 and 186: herring trade was to be challenged.
Page 187 and 188: fisheries off the Scaw and other sm
Page 189 and 190: which had been founded on a forbidd
Page 191 and 192: good years around 1617-22. 334 Evid
Page 193 and 194: from the fish trade to concentrate
Page 195 and 196: Norway and 43% abroad, mainly to L
Page 197 and 198: decade of the century did fishermen
Page 199 and 200: districts are rounded sums). Howeve
Page 201 and 202: decades the anchor seine was allowe
Page 203 and 204: By 1995, the fishing industry seems
Page 205 and 206: state G.F.C. Oeder will eventually
Page 207 and 208: Contributors Bertil Andersson, PhD,
Page 209 and 210: Statistical data on Dutch fishery:
Page 211 and 212: Economische Zaken en Arbeid, 1933-1
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The North Atlantic Fisheries, 1100-1976 - University of Hull

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